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The Protocols
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Editions of The Protocols
First publication of The Protocols Programma zavoevaniya mira evreyami
Writers, editors, and publishers associated with The Protocols Carl Ackerman · Boris Brasol G. Butmi · Natalie de Bogory Henry Ford · L. Fry · Howell Gwynne Harris Houghton · Pavel Krushevan Victor Marsden · Sergei Nilus George Shanks · Fyodor Vinberg
Debunkers of The Protocols Norman Cohn · Philip Graves
Influenced by The Protocols The International Jew The Jewish Bolshevism · Mein Kampf
v • d • e

Znamya or Znamia (Russian: Знамя, literally Banner) was a Saint Petersburg daily newspaper established by an ultra-nationalist journalist Pavel Krushevan in 1902.

The newspaper was an organ of the Union of the Russian People.

It is alleged by most scholars, including most recently (2004) by Cesare G. De Michelis in his The Non-Existent Manuscript: A Study of the Protocols of the Sages of Zion that the Protocols of the Elders of Zion first publicly published edition came out in August (13 days later in September by the Gregorian Calendar) of 1903 in Znamya.

Main article: The Protocols of the Elders of Zion

The paper carried the headline, in Russian, "The Jewish Programme to Conquer the World." But the paper purported that it was merely printing a document whose actual title, in Russian, was "The Protocols of the Sessions of the "World Alliance of Freemasons and of the Sages of Zion"." This publication event alone which gives the newspaper its historical, notorious, importance; it is arguably the most significant antisemitic publication occurrence. The event consists of the serial publication of the following nine (9) issues, in Russian of course, under the Russian language headline, "Programma zavoevaniya mira evreyami", sometimes translated as The Jewish Programme for the Conquest of the World, as follows:

• No. 190 (28 August [10 September]): 2; 2,
• No. 191 (29 August [11 September]): 2; 3,
• No. 192 (30 August [12 September]): 2; 4,
• No. 193 (31 August [13 September]): 1-2; 5,
• No. 194 (1 [14] September): 1-2; 6,
• No. 195 (2 [15] September): 1-2; 7,
• No. 196 (3 [16] September): 2; 8,
• No. 197 (4 [17] September): 2; 9,
• No. 200 (7 [20] September): 2.

It is reported by some that in 1905 the newspaper changed its name to Russkoye Znamya or Russkoe Znamia (Russian: Русское Знамя, literally Russian Banner). However, no major scholarly library in the West appears to carry any issues prior to 1905 when the alleged predecessor was allegedly known by the shorter name. The idea that these two papers are the same comes from the famous Russian and/or Soviet encyclopaedia which is considered the scholarly equivalent of the especially famous 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica--namely, the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary.

After the February Revolution in March 1917 the newspaper was discontinued by the decision of the Petrograd Soviet.

Currently there is a small online publication Russkoye Znamya devoted to "the history of Russian people and alternative medicine" that claims to be the continuation of the newspaper [1]. As of August 27, 2006 the web site appears to be dead.

• De Michelis, Cesare G.

trans. by Newhouse, Richard

The Non-Existent Manuscript: A Study of the Protocols of the Sages of Zion

(Studies in Antisemitism Series)

Rev. & Expanded Ed., 424 pp.

(Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2004)

ISBN 0-8032-1727-7

• History of The Protocols (Russian)
• Znamya Wikiznanie article (Russian)
• Russkoye Znamya (Russian)
• Krushevan's biography (Russian)

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