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Westeremden yew-stick
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Westeremden yew-stick is a yew-wood stick found in Westeremden B, in the Groningen province, in 1917, bearing a Frisian Futhorc inscription.
- ᚩᛈᚻᚳᛗᚢᛡᛁ
ᛅᛞᚩᚳᛗᛚᚢᚦ: - ᚹᛁᛗᛟᚳᚻᚦᚢᚴᛅ
- ᛁᚹᛁᚩ
ᚢ
ᛞᚢᚿᚩᛚᛖ:
Runes with unfamiliar shapes or uncertain values are:
, a Spiegelrune of ᛒ, similar to a variant of ᛥ stan, transliterated as B below
, a Spiegelrune of ᛈ, similar to a variant of ᛥ stan, transliterated as P below
, like Younger Futhark kaun, transliterated as K below- ᚳ (like Anglo-Saxon cen, occurring three times); it apparently represents a vowel, likely æ, replacing absent ᚫ æsc
- ᛅ (like Younger Futhark ar), transliterated as A below
- ᚴ, a "bookhand-s", transliterated as S below
- ᚿ, like a short-twig n, probably for ᚾ n
with these decisions, the transliteration may be:
- ophæmujiBAdaæmluþ:
- wimœBæhþuSA
- iwioKuPdunale:
Seebold (1990) reads (transliterating g for j, v for B, ë for A, ô for œ):
- ophæmu givëda amluþ:iwi ok upduna (a)le wimôv æh þusë
Looijenga (1997) reads:
- op hæmu jibada æmluþ : iwi ok up duna (a)le wimœd æh þusa
Interpreted as something like "luck (gibada) stays (amluþ) at home (op hæmu); and (ok) at the yew (iwi) may it grow (ale) on the hill (up duna); Wimœd has (æh) this (þusa)." or "at the homestead stays good fortune, may it also grow near the yew on the terp; Wimœd owns this."
For paleographical reasons (the bookhand-s and Younger Futhark influence), Looijenga dates the stick to after AD 750.
- J. H. Looijenga, Runes around the North Sea and on the Continent AD 150–700, dissertation, Groningen University (1997), 183–185.