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Vostok programme
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Vostok programme (Восто́к, translated as "East") was a Soviet human spaceflight project that succeeded in putting a person into Earth orbit for the first time. The programme developed the Vostok spacecraft from the Zenit spy satellite project and adapted the Vostok rocket from an existing ICBM design. Just before the first release of the name Vostok to the press, it was a classified word.
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A series of prototype Vostoks, including at least five with animals and some with a test dummy aboard, were used to qualify the spacecraft for human flight. Dates given are dates of spacecraft launch.
- Sputnik 4 (Korabl-Sputnik 1) - May 15, 1960.
- Sputnik 5 (Korabl-Sputnik 2) - August 19, 1960.
- Sputnik 6 (Korabl-Sputnik 3) - December 1, 1960.
- Sputnik 9 (Korabl-Sputnik 4) - March 9, 1961.
- Sputnik 10 (Korabl-Sputnik 5) - March 25, 1961.
| Order | Patch | Mission | Launch | Duration | Landing | Crew | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  |
Vostok 1 | 12 April 1961 | 1 h 48 m | 12 April 1961 | Yu. Gagarin | First man in space. |
| 2 |  |
Vostok 2 | 6 August 1961 | 1 d 1 h 18 m | 7 August 1961 | G. Titov | First full day in space. |
| 3 |  |
Vostok 3 | 11 August 1962 | 3 d 22 h 22 m | 15 August 1962 | A. Nikolayev | First simultaneous flight of two manned spacecraft. |
| 4 | |
Vostok 4 | 12 August 1962 | 2 d 22 h 56 m | 15 August 1962 | P. Popovich | First simultaneous flight of two manned spacecraft.. |
| 5 |  |
Vostok 5 | 14 June 1963 | 4 d 23 h 7 m | 19 June 1963 | V. Bykovsky | Longest solo orbital flight. |
| 6 | |
Vostok 6 | 16 June 1963 | 2 d 22 h 50 m | 19 June 1963 | V. Tereshkova | First woman in space. |
Another seven Vostok flights (Vostok 7 to 13) were originally planned, going through to April of 1966, but these were canceled and the components recycled into the Voskhod programme, which was intended to achieve more Soviet "firsts" in space.
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|---|---|---|
| Unmanned: | Sputnik 4, Sputnik 5, Sputnik 6, Sputnik 9, Sputnik 10 | |
| Manned: | Vostok 1, Vostok 2, Vostok 3, Vostok 4, Vostok 5, Vostok 6 | |
| Planned: | Vostok 7 to 13, incorporated into Voskhod programme | |
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|---|---|
| Active | Soyuz • ISS (joint) |
| In Development | Kliper |
| Past | Vostok • Voskhod • Salyut • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (joint) • Mir • Shuttle-Mir Program (joint) |
| Cancelled | Zond (lunar Soyuz 7K-L1) • N1-L3 (Moon landing program) • TMK (Mars flyby program) • Spiral • Almaz (incorporated into Salyut program) / TKS spacecraft • Energia / Buran |