Variomatic

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Variomatic is the stepless, fully automatic transmission of the passenger car manufacturer DAF. The variomatic was introduced by DAF in the Netherlands in 1958, introducing the automatic gear box to the Dutch public for the first time. The variomatic was introduced on a lower priced version of the DAF 600, making it accessible to the common people. The system, using a drive belt and two pulleys, had one unexpected side-effect: it caused the car to be able to drive as fast backwards as it could forwards. This lead to the very famous annual Backward DAF Races.

The system lost popularity over the years and manual gears are dominant in the Netherlands in modern days. Audi reintroduced an improved version of the variomatic in the early 21st century under the name Multitronic. This system uses a metal belt and lacks a limit to the number of gears available, switching between them without noticeable shocks.

1a
1b

The final drive has two pulleys with moveable conical drums. The distance between the drums is controlled by the engine vacuum in the inlet manifold and engine RPM, through centrifugal weights inside the drums. Between the two pulleys runs a drive belt. As a result of change in the distance of the conical drums in both pulleys, the diameters and so also the reduction ratio changes continuously.

With the DAF 600 - 55 each rear wheel was propelled individually by a pair of conical drums and drive belt with the effect of a limited slip differential: if a drive wheel on slippery road revs up, the other wheel can still transfer the full torque. This results in unusually good traction characteristics, which were also a reason for successes of the DAFs in rallies. It was even used in a Formula 1 car, but it was only allowed to start in one race before it was banned since it gave an unfair advantage.

The Variomatic is also used in today's motorscooters. It is a standard part of all common scooters since 1985, and several companies such as Malossi, Polini, Doppler and Stage6 are offering tuning clutches and variomatic for most common 50, 70 and 125 cc scooters.

A version of the Variomatic called Transmatic is still made by Van Doorne's Transmissie b.v. in Tilburg, The Netherlands and Nissan Primera is offered with this transmission.

Today the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) works according to the same principle. Rather than rubber drive belts, the modern transmission is made much more durable by the use of steel link belts. The CVT is available in cars such as Audi, Honda and the MINI ONE and MINI Cooper.

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