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Turnover may refer to:

Contents 1 Dictionary 2 Food 3 Turnover in economics 3.1 In the economy of the United States 3.2 Turnover (employment) 4 In sports 5 In other 6 Notes

According to Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary, the noun "turnover" refers to the amount of business that a company does in a period of time: "Large supermarkets have high turnovers (= their goods sell very quickly)." "The business has an annual turnover of £50 000."

• Turnover (food), a type of pastry

• Turnover in an accounting context refers to the rate at which a provider of goods cycles through its average inventory. The number of times within its business cycle that a company completely exhausts (and replenishes) its inventory is called its turnover. Auditors and analysts will frequently use a company's turnover ratio (turnover = cost of goods sold/average inventory level) to compare it to other companies in its industry.
  • Encyclopedia Britannica informs that

    multistage sales taxes, which are imposed at more than one level of production and distribution, without relief for taxes paid at previous stages, are sometimes called turnover taxes.

  • See also: [Inventory turnover http://www.answers.com/topic/inventory-turnover]
• Turnover, in the economy of the United States in an investing context refers to the rate at which securities in a portfolio or mutual fund are replaced, on average in the portfolio or fund.

• in a human resources context refers to the characteristic of a given company or industry, relative to rate at which an employer gains and loses staff. For example, Jones (2004) ^[1] reports that "nurse turnover is costly for healthcare organizations."
• Gottschalck (2004) ^[2] defines Labor Force Turnover: "a labor turnover event is a change in employment status or in employer between two consecutive months." He also says cites three kinds of turnovers:

• Job Accession: A person goes from being not employed (that is, either unemployed or not in the labor force) in the first month to being employed in the second month.
• Job Separation: A person goes from being employed in the first month to being not employed in the second month.
• Employer Change: A person goes from having one primary employer (that is, the employer for which the person worked the most hours during the month) in the first month to having a different one in the second month.

• Turnover, in American football occurs when the offense loses possession of the football because of a fumble, interception, or turnover on downs
• Turnover (basketball), a turnover in basketball occurs when a player from one team gives possession to a member of another team by losing the ball without taking a shot
• Turnover, in Rugby League occurs when the attacking team is tackled for the 6th time or they lose possession of the ball
• Turnover, in Rugby Union occurs when the attacking team loses possession of the ball, usually at a Ruck

• Population turnover, in demographics measures gross moves in relation to the size of the population and is related to population mobility
• Turnover, in cellular biology of certain biomolecules or cells is the rate at which they are lost and/or regenerated through cell division
• Turnover, in limnology refers to the mixing of upper layers of lake water with lower levels, which usually occurs in the fall; a lack of mixing is a result of temperature gradient that cause density differences
• Turnover, in running refers to an early or late season workout which loosens the leg muscles and prepares the body for imminent workouts or races. Turnover workouts are not designed to build muscle like mid-season workouts; instead, they allow the legs to heal completely while maintaining flexibility and muscle mass.
• Turnover number, in chemical kinetics is the number of moles of substrate that a mole of catalyst can convert before becoming inactivated. In enzyme kinetics, the same term is used to refer to the moles of substrate converted by a mole of enzyme per second

1. ^ JONES, Cheryl B. The costs of nurse turnover: part 1: an economic perspective. 2004 Dec;34(12):562-70. School of Nursing, Southeast Regional Health Workforce Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7460, USA.
2. ^ Gottschalck, Alfred O. Dynamics of Economic Well-Being: Labor Force Turnover, 1996-1999. In: Household Economic Studies, July 2004, p 70-96.