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The NBC Orchestra in 1980

The Tonight Show Band is the band which plays on the American television variety show, the Tonight Show. From 1962 to the 1990s, during the years the show was known as The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, it was an important outlet for jazz on American television. During the Carson era, the band was always billed as "The NBC Orchestra" and sometimes "Doc Severinsen and the NBC Orchestra."

The band was founded in 1954, and its first long-term director was Skitch Henderson (1954-57). Henderson was replaced by Jose Melis in 1957, when Jack Paar took over as host from Steve Allen. Henderson returned in 1962 when Johnny Carson took over from Paar. Carson increased the band budget, and Henderson created a major jazz big band by hiring some of the best jazz musicians from the touring big bands which were going out of business at the time, and by commissioning charts from top jazz arrangers. The new band included Clark Terry, Bobby Rosengarden, Doc Severinsen, Urbie Green, Ed Shaughnessy, and Ernie Royal, among others.

In 1966, Henderson left the show and was replaced by Milton DeLugg, who in 1967 was replaced by Severinsen. Severinsen continued to add important musicians to the band, including Louie Bellson, Allen Vizzutti, and Snooky Young. The show's move from New York to California effected a significant change in the band's personnel.

In 1992, when Jay Leno replaced Carson, Branford Marsalis took over as musical director, and a new smaller band was formed. Marsalis was succeeded in 1995 by Kevin Eubanks.

• Leader/Guitar: Kevin Eubanks (May 25, 1992)
• Saxophone: Ralph Moore (January 30, 1995)
• Trumpet: Kye Palmer (April 10, 2006)
• Trombone: Matt Finders (May 25, 1992)
• Keyboard: Gerry Etkins (August 1995)
• Bass: Stanley Sargeant (February 2002)
• Drums: Marvin "Smitty" Smith (January 30, 1995)
• Percussion: Vicki Randle (May 25, 1992)

• Trumpet: Conte Candoli (1968-1992), Clark Terry, Snooky Young (1967-1992), Maurey Harris
• Trumpet/Flugelhorn/Bandleader: Doc Severinsen
• Trumpet/Flugelhorn: John Audino, Allen Vizzutti
• Trombone: Gilbert Falco, Bruce Paulson
• Bass Trombone: Ernie Tack
• Alto Sax/Clarinet/Flute: John Bambridge
• Alto Sax/Arranger: Tommy Newsom (1962-1992)
• Tenor Sax/Flute/Clarinet: Pete Christlieb, Bill Perkins, Ernie Watts
• Baritone Sax/Bass Sax/Flute/Euphonium: Don Ashworth
• Guitar: Bob Bain, Peter Woodford
• Piano: Ross Tompkins
• Bass: Joel DiBartolo
• Drums: Ed Shaughnessy, Louie Bellson