Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

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Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes

Contents


Key: Year - Origin - Target - Status - Description

  • 1957 - Soviet Union - Earth - Success - Sputnik 1 is launched, the first Earth orbiting satellite
  • 1957 - Soviet Union - Earth - Partial success - Sputnik 2 is launched, the first Earth orbiting satellite with an animal (Laika)
  • 1958 - USA - Earth - Success - Explorer 1
  • 1958 - USA - Moon - Failure - Pioneer 1 orbiter
  • 1958 - USA - Moon - Failure - Pioneer 3 flyby
  • 1959 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 1 flyby launched, it discovered solar wind
  • 1959 - USA - Moon - Pioneer 4 flyby
  • 1959 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 2 impactor launched, it was the first spacecraft to impact onto the surface of the moon
  • 1959 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 3 flyby launched, it returned the first image of the Moon's hidden side

  • 1970 - Japan - Earth - Success - Osumi is the first Japanese satellite
  • 1970 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 7 is the first successful landing of a spacecraft on another planet
  • 1970 - USA - Moon - Failure - Apollo 13 manned lander
  • 1970 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 16 lander is the first automated return of samples from the Moon
  • 1970 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Zond 8 flyby
  • 1970 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 lander/rover is the first automated surface exploration of the Moon
  • 1970 - USA - Success - Launch of Uhuru, the first dedicated X-ray satellite
  • 1970 - China - Success - Launch of Dong Fang Hong I, the first satellite of China
  • 1971 - USA - Moon - Success - Apollo 14 manned lander
  • 1971 - USA - Moon - Success - Apollo 15 manned lander, the mission included the first deep spacewalk
  • 1971 - Soviet Union - Moon - Failure - Luna 18 lander
  • 1971 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 19 orbiter
  • 1971 - USA - Mars - Failure - Mariner 8 flyby
  • 1971 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Cosmos 419 probe
  • 1971 - Soviet Union - Mars - Partial Failure - Mars 2 orbiter and lander, created the first human artifact on Mars
  • 1971 - Soviet Union - Mars - Partial Success - Mars 3 orbiter and lander, first successful landing on Mars
  • 1971 - USA - Mars - Success - Mariner 9 orbiter, first pictures of Mars' moons (Phobos and Deimos) taken
  • 1971 - UK - Earth - Success - Prospero X-3 satellite, first and only satellite launched by Britain using a British rocket
  • 1972 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 8 lander
  • 1972 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 20 lander
  • 1972 - USA - Moon - Success - Apollo 16 manned lander
  • 1972 - USA - Moon - Success - Apollo 17 manned lander
  • 1972 - Success - Launch of the Copernicus ultraviolet satellite
  • 1973 - USA - Sun - Success - Explorer 49 solar probe
  • 1973 - USA - Venus/Mercury - Success - Mariner 10 launched, it passed by and photographed Mercury, also was the first dual planet probe
  • 1973 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 lander/rover
  • 1973 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Mars 4 orbiter
  • 1973 - Soviet Union - Mars - Success - Mars 5 orbiter
  • 1973 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Mars 6 orbiter and lander
  • 1973 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Mars 7 orbiter and lander
  • 1973 - USA - Success - Skylab was launched, re-entered Earth's atmosphere in 1979
  • 1974 - Germany - Sun - Success - Helios 1 solar probe
  • 1974 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 22 orbiter
  • 1974 - Soviet Union - Moon - Failure - Luna 23 probe
  • 1974 - Success - Launch of the Ariel V X-ray satellite
  • 1975 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 9 returns the first pictures of the surface of Venus
  • 1975 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 10 orbiter and lander
  • 1975 - USA - Mars - Partial Success - Viking 1 orbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
  • 1975 - USA - Mars - Success - Viking 2 orbiter and lander; lands on Mars 1976
  • 1975 - India - Earth - Success - Aryabhata India, launched by USSR
  • 1975 - India - India's first rocket SLV launched
  • 1976 - Germany - Sun - Success - Helios 2 solar probe
  • 1976 - Soviet Union - Moon - Success - Luna 24 lander
  • 1976 - Earth - Success - Hermes Communications Technology Satellite prototype for testing direct broadcast TV
  • 1976 - Success - The Vela and ANS X-ray satellites discover X-ray bursts
  • 1976 - Success - The OSO-8 X-ray satellite shows that X-ray bursts have blackbody spectra
  • 1977 - Success - Launch of the HEAO-1 X-ray satellite
  • 1978 - USA - Venus - Success - Pioneer Venus 1 orbiter
  • 1978 - USA - Venus - Success - Pioneer Venus 2 atmospheric probe
  • 1978 - Soviet Union - Venus - Partial Success - Venera 11 flyby and lander
  • 1978 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 12 flyby and lander
  • 1978 - Success - Launch of the International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite
  • 1978 - Success - Launch of the Einstein X-ray satellite (HEAO-2) is the first X-ray photographs of astronomical objects
  • 1979 - Success - Launch of the Hakucho X-ray satellite (ASTRO-A)
  • 1979 - Success - Launch of the Ariel VI cosmic-ray and X-ray satellite
  • 1979 - USA - Jupiter - Success - Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 send back images of Jupiter and its system

  • 1980 - USA - Sun - Success - Solar Maximum Mission solar probe succeeded after being repaired in Earth orbit
  • 1980 - USA - Saturn - Success - Voyager 1 sends back images of Saturn and its system
  • 1980 - USA - Success - Launch of the Solar Maximum Mission satellite
  • 1981 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 13 launched, it returned the first colour pictures of the surface of Venus
  • 1981 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 14 flyby and lander
  • 1981 - USA - Saturn - Success - Voyager 2 sends back images of Saturn and its system
  • 1983 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 15 orbiter
  • 1983 - Soviet Union - Venus - Success - Venera 16 orbiter
  • 1983 - Success - Launch of the EXOSAT X-ray satellite
  • 1983 - Success - Launch of the Tenma X-ray satellite (ASTRO-B)
  • 1983 - Success - Launch of the IRAS satellite
  • 1984 - Soviet Union - Venus/Halley's Comet - Success - Vega 1 flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
  • 1984 - Soviet Union - Venus/Halley's Comet - Success - Vega 2 flyby, atmospheric probe and lander
  • 1986 - Europe - Halley's Comet - Success - Giotto flyby
  • 1986 - USA - Uranus - Success - Voyager 2 sends back images of Uranus and its system
  • 1986 - Soviet Union - Success - Mir Core Module is launched, in 1987 becoming the first multi-module spacestation.
  • 1987 - Success - Launch of the Ginga X-ray satellite (ASTRO-C)
  • 1988 - Soviet Union - Mars - Failure - Phobos 1 orbiter and lander
  • 1988 - Soviet Union - Mars - Partial Failure - Phobos 2 flyby and lander
  • 1989 - Venus - Success - Magellan orbiter launched which mapped 99 percent of the surface of Venus (300 m resolution)
  • 1989 - USA - Venus/Earth/Moon/Gaspra/Ida/Jupiter - Success - Galileo flyby, orbiter and atmospheric probe
  • 1989 - USA - Neptune - Success - Voyager 2 sends back images of Neptune and its system
  • 1989 - Success - Launch of the Granat gamma-ray and X-ray satellite
  • 1989 - Europe - Success - Launch of the Hipparcos satellite
  • 1989 - Success - Launch of the COBE satellite


 v • d • e 
Space Exploration Lists and Timelines

Timeline of spaceflight • List of human spaceflight programs • List of human spaceflights • List of space travelers • List of astronauts by name •  List of astronauts by selection • Timeline of astronauts by nationality • List of Apollo astronauts • List of NASA missions • List of spacewalks and moonwalks • List of Space Shuttle missions • Timeline of Space Shuttle missions • Space Shuttle crews • List of Mir Expeditions • List of Mir visiting spacecrafts and crews • List of Mir spacewalks • List of manned spaceflights to the ISS • List of ISS Expeditions • List of ISS visitors • List of ISS spacewalks • List of unmanned spaceflights to the ISS • List of Chinese spaceflights• List of Constellation missions

Landings on other planets • List of planetary probes • Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes • List of objects at Lagrangian points • List of artificial objects on extra-terrestrial surfaces • List of artificial objects on the Moon • List of artificial objects on Venus • List of artificial objects on Mars • Timeline of Earth science satellites • List of Earth observation satellites

List of space exploration milestones, 1957-1969 • Space firsts • Spaceflight records • Timeline of first orbital launches by nationality • Timeline of Solar System exploration • Timeline of the Space Race

List of manned spacecraft • List of unmanned spacecraft by program • List of spacecraft • List of launch vehicles • Timeline of rocket and missile technology • List of space agencies • List of private spaceflight companies


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