Timeline of 21st century Muslim history
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| Timeline of Muslim history: 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th | 21st century |
- 2001-2002: Members of Al Qaeda, a radical Islamist organization, attack the United States. Hijacked commercial airliners are flown into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon building on September 11, 2001, killing upwards of three thousand. The United States subsequently declares a War on Terror and invades Afghanistan, whose Taliban regime had given refuge to Al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. The Taliban are ousted from power, though the fate of bin Laden is unknown as of 2006.
- 2003: Iraq War.
- 2003: Shirin Ebadi becomes the first Muslim woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts in promoting human rights.
- 2004 a radical Muslim group claims responsibility for bombings in Madrid's commuter railway and several trains. The terrorist attack killed 191, and wounds 1,460 others. See also Madrid Bombings. Nevertheless the Islamists' claim, latest unveilings suggest that perhaps the role of Islamic extremists was less capital than it has been officially presented.
- 2005: a radical Muslim group claims responsibility for bombings in the London Underground. The terrorist attack kills 52, and wounds over 700 others. See also July 2005 London bombings
- 2005: Bombings in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt kill at least 83 and wound hundreds.
- 2005: Saudi Arabia's King Fahd dies. Fahd's brother Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz, who had assumed de facto leadership of the country after King Fahd suffered a debilitating stroke in 1994, is declared king.
- 2005: A powerful, 7.6-magnitude earthquake hits Pakistan-controlled Kashmir, killing upwards of 73,000 people, mostly in Pakistan.
- 2006: Military conflict in Lebanon and northern Israel, primarily between Hezbollah paramilitary forces and Israel.
2006: Death of former Iraqi Dictator Saddam Hussein by hanging for crimes against humanity.