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Thymine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Thymine | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| IUPAC name | 5-Methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [] |
| MeSH | |
| SMILES | CC1=CNC(NC1=O)=O |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C5H6N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 126.11334 g/mol |
| Melting point |
316 - 317 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
- For the similarly-spelled vitamin compound, see Thiamine
Thymine, also known as 5-methyluracil, is a pyrimidine nucleobase. As the name implies, thymine may be derived by methylation of uracil at the 5th carbon. Thymine is found in the nucleic acid DNA. In RNA thymine is replaced with uracil in most cases. In DNA, thymine(T) binds to adenine (A) via two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures.
Thymine combined with deoxyribose creates the nucleoside deoxythymidine, which is synonymous with the term thymidine. Thymidine can be phosphorylated with one, two or three phosphoric acid groups, creating respectively TMP, TDP or TTP (thymidine mono- di- or triphosphate).
One of the common mutations of DNA involves two adjacent thymines or cytosine, which in presence of ultraviolet light may form thymine dimers, causing "kinks" in the DNA molecule that inhibit normal function.
Thymine could also be a target for actions of 5-fu in cancer treatment. 5-fu can be a metabolic analog of Thymine (in DNA synthesis) or Uracil (in RNA synthesis). Substitution of this analog inhibit DNA synthesis in actively dividing cells.
| Major Families of Biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of Nucleic Acids | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Nucleobases: | Adenine | Thymine | Uracil | Guanine | Cytosine | Purine | Pyrimidine | |
|---|---|---|
| Nucleosides: | Adenosine | Uridine | Guanosine | Cytidine | Deoxyadenosine | Thymidine | Deoxyguanosine | Deoxycytidine | |
| Nucleotides: | AMP | UMP | GMP | CMP | ADP | UDP | GDP | CDP | ATP | UTP | GTP | CTP | cAMP | cADPR | cGMP | |
| Deoxynucleotides: | dAMP | TMP | dGMP | dCMP | dADP | TDP | dGDP | dCDP | dATP | TTP | dGTP | dCTP | |
| Ribonucleic acids: | RNA | mRNA | piRNA | tRNA | rRNA | ncRNA | sgRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | miRNA | snoRNA | LNA | |
| Deoxyribonucleic acids: | DNA | mtDNA | cDNA | plasmid | Cosmid | BAC | YAC | HAC | |
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | GNA | PNA | TNA | morpholino | |