Targum Onkelos

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Interlinear text of Hebrew Numbers 6.3–10 with Aramaic Targum Onkelos from the British Library.
Interlinear text of Hebrew Numbers 6.3–10 with Aramaic Targum Onkelos from the British Library.

Targum Onkelos (or Unkelus), is the official eastern (Babylonian) targum to the Torah. However, its early origins may have been western, in Israel. Its authorship is attributed to Onkelos.

Some identify this translation as the work of Aquila of Sinope in an Aramaic translation (Chajes). The translator is unique in that he avoids any type of anthropomorphism. Samuel D. Luzzatto suggests that the translation was originally meant for the "simple people". This view was strongly refuted by Nosson Adler in his introduction to Nesinah La'Ger.

In Talmudic times, and to this day in Yemenite Jewish communities, Targum Onkelos was recited by heart as a verse-by-verse translation alternatively with the Hebrew verses of the Torah in the synagogue.

The Talmud states that "a person should complete his portions of scripture along with the community, reading the scripture twice and the targum once." This passage is taken to refer to Targum Onkelos.


  • S. D. Luzatto "Oheiv Ha'ger" (Heb.)
  • N. Adler "Nesinah La'Ger" (Heb.)

  • English Translation of Targum Onkelos at the Newsletter for Targumic and Cognate Studies - English translations by J.W. Etheridge
  • Mechon Mamre has the entire Aramaic text of Targum Onkelos with vowels according to Yemenite manuscripts. The Targum appears as digital text in two different user-friendly versions: (1) The Aramaic targum text with vowels can be viewed in its entirety on its own, either book-by-book or chapter by chapter. (2) The Aramaic targum can be viewed verse-by-verse parallel to the Hebrew text, within files that contain one weekly portion (parshat ha-shavua) at a time. The index to both versions is here; there is also an older version without vowels.
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