Table of consonants

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Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for a pronunciation key.

The following tables show all the consonants listed by the International Phonetic Alphabet. The first table contains consonants articulated in the front part of the mouth, and the second table contains consonants articulated in the back part of the mouth. The places of articulation are listed on top, and the manners of articulation on the left side. Where consonants occur in pairs, the consonant on the left represents a voiceless articulation and the consonant on the right represents a voiced articulation.

Affricates are not included in the table, since they are generally composed of symbols in the table. Phonologically they do function as single consonants in many languages.

Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Labial-palatal
Plosive p b p̪ b̪ t̪ d̪ t d ʈ ɖ
Implosive ɓ̥ ɓ ɗ̪ ɗ *
Ejective pʼ t̪ʼ tʼ ʈʼ
Nasal m̥ m ɱ̊ ɱ n̪̊ n̪ n̥ n ɳ̊ ɳ
Trill ʙ r̥ r *
Tap or Flap * * ɾ ɽ
Lateral flap ɺ *
Fricative ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ *
Ejective fricative s’ ʃ’
Ejective lateral fricative ɬ’
Percussive ʬ ʭ
Approximant β̞̊ β̞ ʋ̥ ʋ ð̞ ɹ̥ ɹ ɻ̊ ɻ ɥ̊ ɥ
Lateral approximant l̥ l ɭ
Click consonant ʘ ǀ ( ǃ) ǃ / ǂ
Lateral click * ǁ
Alveolo-palatal Palatal Labial-velar Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal
Plosive ȶ ȡ c ɟ k͡p ɡ͡b k g q ɢ ʡ ʔ
Implosive ʄ ɠ ʛ
Ejective cʼ kʼ qʼ
Nasal ȵ ɲ ŋ͡m ŋ ɴ
Trill ʀ *
Tap or Flap *
Lateral flap * *
Fricative ɕ ʑ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ h ɦ
Approximant j ʍ w ɰ
Lateral approximant ȴ ʎ ʟ

Other consonants:

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