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A string quintet is an ensemble of five string instrument players or a piece written for such a combination. The most common combinations in classical music are two violins, two violas and cello or two violins, viola and two cellos. The second cello is occasionally replaced by a double bass, as in Antonín Dvořák's quintet Op.77. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart pioneered writing for a string quartet augmented by a second viola, and one outstanding masterpiece for the two-cello quintet is Franz Schubert's Quintet in C major. Closely related chamber music genres include the string trio, the string quartet, and the string sextet.

By convention, the string quintet with an extra viola is called a "viola quintet" and a string quintet with an extra cello is called a "cello quintet." While a naïve concert-goer might expect five violas on the stage when a "viola quintet" appears on a chamber music program, such a quintet would most likely be called a "quintet for five violas."

String quintets have been written by many composers, as can be seen from the following list. It is interesting to note that some composers who wrote well-known series of string quartets, such as Joseph Haydn, Béla Bartók, Paul Hindemith, and Dmitri Shostakovich, never composed a string quintet.

The term string quintet can also refer to the standard orchestral string section consisting of two violin, one viola, one cello, and one bass part, even though in this case there are multiple musicians playing each part.

• Leslie Bassett - double bass quintet (1957). (NY Public Library reference)
• Arnold Bax - one Cello Quintet in G major (1908), whose second movement was rescored by the composer for Viola Quintet and published as the Lyrical Interlude (1923)
• Ludwig van Beethoven - one original work for Viola Quintet, Op.29, sometimes called the Storm Quintet; an arrangement of his Wind Octet for Viola Quintet, Op.4 (the original Octet was later published as Op.103); an arrangement of his Piano Trio Op.1 No.3 for Viola Quintet, Op.104
• Luigi Boccherini - one hundred ten Cello Quintets, twelve original Viola Quintets, arrangements of all twelve of his Piano Quintets (Op.56 and Op.57) for Viola Quintet, and three Double Bass Quintets. The third movement Minuet of the Cello Quintet Op.11 No.5 is extremely well-known.
• Alexander Borodin - one Cello Quintet in F minor
• Johannes Brahms - two Viola Quintets, Op.88 and Op.111; the Clarinet Quintet Op.115 may be performed with a viola substituting for the clarinet
• Max Bruch - one Viola Quintet in A minor
• Anton Bruckner - one Viola Quintet in F major (1879); Intermezzo (=discarded trio section from Quintet)
• Luigi Cherubini - one Cello Quintet: Quintet in E minor (1837)
• Felix Otto Dessoff - one Cello Quintet, Op. 10
• Ignaz Dobrzynski - two Cello Quintets, Opp. 20 in F major and 40 in A minor ([1])
• Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer - Cello Quintet in D minor, Op. 134 (1835)
• Felix Draeseke - one Quintet in A for Two Violins, Viola, Violotta, and Cello (the Stelzner-Quintett; 1897) ; one Cello Quintet in F, Op.77 (1901)
• Antonín Dvořák - two Viola Quintets, Op.1 in A minor and Op.97 in E♭ (the American Quintet), and a Double Bass Quintet Op.77 in G
• Friedrich Gernsheim - a Viola Quintet Op. 9 in D and a Cello Quintet Op. 89 in E♭
• Alexander Glazunov - one Cello Quintet in A, Op.39
• Karl Goldmark - one Cello Quintet in A minor, Op.9 (1862)
• Vagn Holmboe - one String Bass Quintet, Op.165/M.326 (1986)
• Heinrich Kaminski - one Viola Quintet in F♯ minor (two versions, first 1916) ([2])
• Nigel Keay - one Double Bass Quintet with Contralto, Tango Suite (2002) ([3])
• Franz Krommer - fifteen String Quintets
• Charles Martin Loeffler - one Violin Quintet (three violins, viola and cello)
• Bohuslav Martinů - one Viola Quintet (1927)
• Felix Mendelssohn - two Viola Quintets: No. 1 in A major, Op.18 (1826, revised 1832) and No. 2 in B-flat major, Op.87 (1845)
• Ernst Mielck - Viola Quintet in F major (1897)
• Darius Milhaud - one Double Bass Quintet Op.316; one Viola Quintet Op.325; one Cello Quintet Op.350
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - six Viola Quintets: K174, K516b, K515, K516, K593, K614
• Carl Nielsen - one Viola Quintet in G major (1888)
• George Onslow - thirty-four string quintets, mostly Cello Quintets.
• Hubert Parry - One Viola Quintet in E flat (1909, [4]) (Published by Chiltern Music in 1992)
• Ottorino Respighi - one Viola Quintet (1901)^{[citation needed]}
• Josef Rheinberger - One Viola Quintet in A minor, Op.82 (1874) ([5])
• Ferdinand Ries - Seven Viola Quintets, op. 37 in C, op. 68 in D minor, op. 167 in A minor, op. 171 in G, op. 183 in E-flat, and two published without opus in A major and F minor (published in a series "Samtliche Streichquintette" edited by Jürgen Schmidt between 2003-5 for Accolade Musikverlag.)
• Franz Schubert - one Cello Quintet, Op.post.163, D956, and a "Quintet-Overture" for Viola Quintet, D8
• Roger Sessions - one Viola Quintet (1958)
• Robert Simpson - one Viola Quintet (1987) and one Cello Quintet (1995)
• Ethel Smyth - one Cello Quintet in E major, Op.1
• Louis Spohr - seven Viola Quintets
• Charles Villiers Stanford - Two Viola Quintets ([6])
• Johan Svendsen - one Viola Quintet in C, Op. 5 ([7]) (1868)
• Sergei Taneyev - one Cello Quintet in G, Op. 14 (and one Viola Quintet in C, Op. 16)
• Ferdinand Thieriot - several Cello Quintets. [8])
• Ralph Vaughan Williams - one Viola Quintet (the Phantasy Quintet - 1912)
• Felix Weingartner - one Viola Quintet, his Op. 40
• Alexander von Zemlinsky - one Viola Quintet (1894-1896): 2 movements are lost§