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Standard-definition television
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Standard-definition television or SDTV refers to television systems that have a resolution that meets standards but not considered either enhanced definition or high definition. The term is usually used in reference to digital television, in particular when broadcasting at the same (or similar) resolution as analog systems.
In ATSC, SDTV can be broadcast in 704 pixels × 480 lines with 16:9 aspect ratio (40:33 rectangular pixel), 704 pixels × 480 lines with 4:3 aspect ratio (10:11 rectangular pixel) or 640 pixels × 480 lines with 4:3 ratio (and square pixels). The refresh rate can be any of 24, 30 or 60 frames per second.
Digital SDTV in 4:3 aspect ratio has the same appearance as the regular analog TV (NTSC, PAL, PAL2, SECAM) minus the ghosting, snowy images and static noises. However, if the reception is poor, one may encounter various other artifacts such as blockiness and stuttering.
Standards that can broadcast digital SDTV include DVB, ATSC and ISDB. The last two were originally developed for HDTV, but they have proved to be more often used for their ability to deliver multiple SD video and audio streams via multiplexing, than to use the entire bitstream for one HD channel.
- Digital television
- digital audio broadcasting
- DVB
- ATSC Standards
- ISDB
- SBTVD
- Enhanced-definition television
- High-definition television
- MPEG
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| Low; MP@LL |
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| Standard; MP@ML |
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| Enhanced |
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| High; MP@HL |
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| Ultra High |
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| This table illustrates total horizontal and vertical pixel resolution via box size. It does not accurately reflect the screen shape (aspect ratio) of these formats, which is either 4:3, or 16:9. | ||||||||
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| Analog broadcast | 525 lines: NTSC • NTSC-J • PAL-M
625 lines: PAL • PAL-N • PALplus • SECAM Defunct systems: Pre-1940 • 405 lines • 819 lines • Baird-Nipkow • MAC • MUSE Multichannel audio: BTSC (MTS) • NICAM-728 • Zweiton (A2, IGR) • EIAJ Hidden signals: Captioning • Teletext • CGMS-A • GCR • PDC • VBI • VEIL • VITC • WSS • XDS |
| Digital broadcast | Interlaced: SDTV (480i, 576i) • HDTV (1080i)
Progressive: LDTV (240p, 288p, 1seg) • EDTV (480p, 576p) • HDTV (720p, 1080p) Digital TV standards (MPEG-2):ATSC, DVB, ISDB, DMB-T/H Digital TV standards (MPEG-4 AVC):DMB-T/H,DVB,SBTVD,ISDB (1seg) Multichannel audio: AC3 (5.1) • Musicam • PCM • LPCM • AAC Hidden signals: Captioning • Teletext • (CPCM/Broadcast flag) • AFD • EPG Digital cinema: UHDV (2540p, 4320p) • DCI |
| Technical issues | 14:9 • MPEG transport • Standards conversion • Video processing • VOD • HDTV blur |