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Shooto
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Please help improve this article or section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (January 2007) |
Shooto (sometimes officially spelled SHOOTO) is a combat sport that is governed by the Shooto Association and the International Shooto Commission. Shooto was originally formed in 1985, as an organization and as a particular fighting system derived from shoot wrestling. Practitioners are referred to as shooters, similarly to practitioners of shootwrestling. Shooto competitions are often considered to be mixed martial arts competitions, since they share similar rules to several other mixed martial arts competitions.
The word shooto is an English transliteration of 修斗 (pronounced shū-to), an ateji derived from the English word "shoot". The word 修斗 can be translated as "learn combat".
| Shooto | |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Shoot Wrestling, Shoot Fighting |
| Focus | Hybrid (Grappling) |
| Country of origin |  Japan |
| Creator | Sayama Satoru |
| Parenthood | Catch Wrestling, Judo, JuJutsu, Sambo, Muay Thai |
| Famous practitioners | Rumina Sato, Enson Inoue, Takanori Gomi, Caol Uno, Hayato Sakurai, Erik Paulson, Ken Shamrock, Frank Shamrock |
| Olympic Sport | No |
Contents |
The aim in a shooto match is to defeat the opponent by a knockout (to which a 10-count is applied) or a submission, but fights can also end in a referee stoppage or by a judge decision. Legal techniques include general grappling, chokeholds, joint locks, kicks, knee strikes, punches, takedowns and throws. Illegal techniques include biting, elbow strikes, eye-gouging, forearm strikes, hair pulling, headbutting, pressure point techniques, kicking or kneeing the head of a downed opponent, small joint manipulation and strikes to the groin, spine or throat.
Shooto fighters are categorized into four Classes.
- Class-D: Amateur (2x2min, Headgear, Special point system)
- Class-C: Amateur (2x3min, Headgear, Special point system)
- Class-B: Pro (2x5min)
- Class-A: Pro (3x5min)
Fighters start out as Class-D or Class-C fighters and enter amateur competitions that Shooto hosts together with the help of local gyms all over Japan. Class-D Shooto does not allow knee strikes to the face or striking on the ground. Class-C Shooto does not allow striking on the ground, but knee strikes to the head are allowed. There are regional championship and once a year the All-Japan amateur championships. Then a fighter can get a Class-B pro license, these fights are 2x5 minute long and use the same rules as Class-A fights. For new pros Shooto each year hold a rookie tournament in each weightclass.
When a fighter has gathered enough wins and experience in Class-B he will get awarded with a Class-A license, as a sign that he's part of the elite professional fighters.
Shooto was established as an organization in 1985 by Satoru Sayama (also known as the "Tiger-mask"), a Japanese professional wrestler trained in shoot wrestling, who wished to create a sport that revolved around a realistic and effective fighting system. Compared to the other professional wrestling organizations of the time, such as the New Japan Pro Wrestling and the Universal Wrestling Federation (Japan), Shooto was aimed at having no predetermined results.
The Shooto organization hosted the Vale Tudo Japan tournament in the summer of 1994. Previously to this tournament, Shooto did not feature punches to the face in a ground position, but after seeing effective usage of punching by foreign participants, Sayama decided to incorporate these striking techniques into shooto. In 1996, World Shooto, the Shooto Association and the International Shooto Commission were formed. This marked the end of Shooto as a single organization, and turned it into a combat sport with governing bodies. Vale Tudo Japan events were held annually from 1994 to 1999.[1]
There has been an ongoing effort to bring Shooto competition to the United States and Canada that has been spearheaded by Rich Santoro. He was officially named the Director of the International Shooto Commission - SHOOTO Americas division (the North American branch of the Shooto Association) in 2001. He has worked with both U.S. event promoters and state officials to spread the Shooto brand of competition throughout North America. As of 2006 Shooto has taken place in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, Tennessee, Missouri, Nevada, Hawaii, and Vancouver, British Columbia. Promoters of Shooto events in North America have been HOOKnSHOOT, The Ironheart Crown, Midwest Fighting, Tennessee Shooto, RSF Shooto Challenge, TUFF-N-UFF, World Freestyle Fighting, SHOOTO Hawaii and Mannidog Productions.
The only documented introduction of Shooto in the Philippines was given to students of Fight Club Combat and Streetfighting Center in Bacolod City, during a chance meeting between Jeff Behimino and his friend Edwin Tusil, a well known Mixed Martial Arts Instructor in the Philippines.[2]
- Bantamweight (56 kg / 123 lb): Shinichi Kojima (Japan/Katsumura Dojo)
- Featherweight (60 kg / 132 lb): Akitoshi Hokazono (Japan/Cobra Kai)
- Lightweight (65 kg /143 lb): Akitoshi Tamura(Japan/Tsudanuma Dojo)
- Welterweight (70 kg / 154 lb): Vacant
- Middleweight (76 kg / 167 lb): Shinya Aoki (Japan/Paraestra Tokyo)
- Light heavyweight (83 kg / 183 lb): Siyar Bahaduzada (Netherland/Golden Glory)
- Lightweight (65 kg /143 lb): Takeshi Inoue
- Welterweight (70 kg / 154 lb): Takashi Nakakura
- Middleweight (76 kg / 167 lb): Keita Nakamura
- Rumina Sato
- Yuki Nakai
- Noboru Asahi
- Mamoru Yamaguchi
- Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Erik Paulson
- Naoki Sakurada
- Ryota Matsune
- Akira Kikuchi
- Enson Inoue
- Hayato Sakurai
- Anderson Silva
- Takanori Gomi
- Caol Uno
- Alexandre Franca Nogueira
- Jake Shields
- Joachim Hansen
- Vitor Ribeiro
- Tatsuya Kawajiri
- Ken Shamrock
| Professional mixed martial arts organizations | |
|---|---|
| North American promotions: | UFC | WEC | Elite XC | IFL | Strikeforce | King of the Cage | Rumble on the Rock | Icon Sport | TKO | EFC | MFC | Cage Fury FC | IFC | Combate Extremo | Gracie FC | FFC | Art of War (US) | RioHeroes| Mixed Martial Arts World Fighting Championship |
| Asian promotions: | HERO'S | Pancrase | ZST | DEEP | Spirit MC | Cage Force | Art of War (China) | Smackgirl |
| European promotions: | Cage Rage | Cage Warriors | Finnfight |
| Other promotions: | BodogFight |
| Defunct promotions: | PRIDE FC | IVC | RINGS | WFA | UFO |
| Sanctioning bodies and networks: | Shooto | International Sport Combat Federation | WWCN | North American Boxing Council |
- Chan, Sam. The Japanese Pro-Wrestling: Reality Based Martial Art Connection. bjj.org. URL last accessed January 7, 2006.
- Shootoamericas. SHOOTO: History and Overview. www.shootoamericas.com. URL last accessed January 7, 2006.