Runology

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this article is about the philological discipline, not to be confused with occultist concepts like runosophy.

Runology is the study of the Runic alphabets and inscriptions. It was initiated by Johannes Bureus (1568-1652) who was very interested in the linguistics of the Geatish language (Götiska språket), i.e. Old Norse. But he also viewed runes as holy or magical in a kabbalistic sense.

The study of runes was continued by Olof Rudbeck Sr (1630-1702) and presented in his collection Atlantica. The physicist Anders Celsius (1701-44) further extended the science of runes and travelled around the whole of Sweden to examine the bautastenar (megaliths, today termed rune stones). Most of the runestones are found in Southern Scandinavia, with the highest concentration found in the Mälar basin.

Today, Runology forms a specialized branch of Germanic linguistics. The early runic (Elder Futhark) inscriptions are important as the earliest attestations of Germanic languages, but their importance can be over-estimated, since, out of a total of some 350 items (plus some 100 in Anglo-Frisian Futhorc), most are very short, and most are hardly comprehensible, and those that are contain rather repetitive messages. Medieval (Younger Futhark) runestones are not so much of linguistic as of historical interest in documenting Viking Age Scandinavia, most of them bearing formulaic epitaphs (for example: "X had this stone raised over Y, who was an excellent person, Z carved the runes"). Of these, some 6,000 specimens survive.


Runes see also: Rune poems · Runestones · Runology · Runic divination · Runes in popular culture
Elder Fuþark: ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨ ᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛞ ᛟ          
Anglo-Saxon Fuþorc: ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚩ o ᚱ ᚳ c ᚷ ȝ ᚹ ᚻ ᚾ ᛁ ᛄ ᛇ eo ᛈ ᛉ x ᛋ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛝ ᛞ ᛟ œ   ᚪ a ᚫ æ ᚣ y ᛠ ea
Younger Fuþark: ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚬ ą ᚱ ᚴ     ᚼ ᚾ ᛁ ᛅ a       ᛋ ᛏ ᛒ   ᛘ ᛚ       ᛦ ʀ        
transliteration: f u þ a r k g w · h n i j ï p z s · t b e m l ŋ d o


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