Proto-Romanian language

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Proto-Romanian (also known as "Common Romanian", româna comună or "Ancient Romanian", străromâna) is a hypothetical language considered to have been spoken by the ancestors of today's Romanians and related Balkan Latin peoples (Vlachs), between the 7th and the 9th century.

Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted
Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted


Proto-Romanian already had a structure very distinct from the other Romance languages, with major differences in grammar, morphology and phonology and already was a member of the Balkan linguistic union. Most of its features can be found in the modern Eastern Romance languages. It already contained around a hundred loans from Slavic languages, including words such as "trup" (body), as well as some Greek language loans via Vulgar Latin.

It was broken into the following modern languages and their dialects:

The first language that broke the unity was Aromanian, in the 9th century, followed shortly after by Megleno-Romanian. Istro-Romanian was the last to break the link with Daco-Romanian in the 11th century.

The place where this language was formed is still under debate; most historians put it about the Jireček Line. See: Origin of Romanians.

Map showing the area where Dacian was spoken. The bluish-green area shows the Dacian lands conquered by the Roman Empire. The yellow area was inhabited by Free Dacian tribes and others.
Map showing the area where Dacian was spoken. The bluish-green area shows the Dacian lands conquered by the Roman Empire. The yellow area was inhabited by Free Dacian tribes and others.


v • d • e
Romanian language
Daco-Romanian dialects • Moldovan • Vlach
Linguistics Grammar (nouns, verbs, numbers) • Orthography • Alphabet (Ș, Ț, Ă, Â, Î) • Vocabulary (profanities) • Phonology
Historic evolution Dacian (romanization) → Vulgar Latin (sound changes) → Proto-Romanian (substratum) → Eastern Romance (also Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian)
Institutions Romanian Academy (Dicţionarul explicativ al limbii române) • Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Other Romanianization • Balkan sprachbund - Romanians • History of the Moldovan language • Romanian Cyrillic alphabet (Moldovan)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Romanian_language"
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