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Prosymnus or Polymnus, in Greek mythology, was a shepherd living near the reputedly bottomless Alcyonian Lake, hazardous to swimmers, which lay in the Argolid, on the coast of the Gulf of Argos, near the prehistoric site of Lerna.

When the wine god Dionysus went to Hades to rescue his mother Semele, Prosymnus guided him to the entrance by rowing him to the middle of the lake. The reward demanded by Prosymnus for this service was the right to make love to Dionysus. However, when Dionysus returned to earth by a different route, he found that Prosymnus had meanwhile died. Dionysus kept his promise by carving a piece of fig wood into the shape of a phallus and inserting it into his anus, thus ritually sodomizing himself, while seated on the tomb of Prosymnus. This, it is said, was given as an explanation of the presence of a fig-wood phallus among the secret objects revealed in the course of the mysteries of Dionysus.

This story is not told in full by any of the usual sources of Greek mythological tales, though several of them hint at it. It is reconstructed on the basis of statements by Christian authors; these have to be treated with reserve because their aim is to discredit pagan mythology.^[1]

Annual nocturnal rites took place at the Alcyonian Lake in classical times; Pausanias refuses to describe them.^[2]

1. ^ Hyginus, Astronomy 2.5; Clement of Alexandria, Protreptikos 2.34.2-5; Arnobius, Against the Gentiles 5.28 (Dalby 2005, pp. 108-117)
2. ^ Pausanias, Guide to Greece 2.37; Plutarch, Isis and Osiris 35 (Dalby 2005, p. 135)

• Dalby, Andrew (2005), The Story of Bacchus, London: British Museum Press, ISBN 0714122556 (US ISBN 0-89236-742-3)
• Sergent, Bernard (1996), Homosexualité et initiation chez les peuples indo-européens, Paris: Payot, ISBN 2228890529
• Sergent, Bernard (1986), Homosexuality in Greek Myth, Beacon Press, ISBN 0807057002