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P.O. boxes in various sizes, with their number range and postcodes written above them.

A post office box (often abbreviated P.O. Box or PO Box) is a uniquely-addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office station.

In many countries, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, there is no 'door to door' delivery of mail. For example, should one post mail to a street address in Namibia, it will be returned to sender as undeliverable. [1] Consequently renting a PO box has traditionally been the only way to receive mail in such countries, although some, like Jordan, are now introducing home delivery. [2]

Generally, post office boxes are rented from the post office either by individuals or by businesses on a basis ranging from monthly to annual, and the cost of rent varies depending on the box size. Central business district or CBD PO boxes are usually more expensive than a rural PO box.

In the US, the rental rate used to be uniform across the country. Now, however, a postal facility can be in any of seven fee groups by location; in addition, certain customers qualify for free box rental.

The quantity of post office boxes in a station varies widely. Stations of small areas are often equipped with fewer than 100 boxes, while stations in a CBD area may offer a combined quantity of over 100,000 post office boxes.

Sometimes the numbering schemes of several post offices in the same suburb are combined so that, for example, 1-999 belongs to the Main Office, 1001-1999 to the North Office and so on. In many U.S. cities, the first two digits of the box number are tied to the last two digits of the ZIP code, leaving either three or four least significant digits to identify the P.O. box itself. For example, in Chicago, Illinois, P.O. boxes in the 11000 range are in ZIP code 60611, while those in the 12000 range are in ZIP code 60612, and so on.

In some countries, PO boxes are usually numbered left to right, top to bottom, from the point of view of the postal worker on the inside, so that the boxes are numbered right to left from the point of view of the box-holder.

Other countries use numbering systems different from that just described. For example, in the United States, it is typical to number PO boxes from left to right from the point of view of the box-holder. In newer facilities, the boxes are numbered from top to bottom and then from left to right from the point of view of the box-holder; the least significant digit indicates the position of the box in a column.

Post office boxes are usually mounted in a wall of the post office, either an external wall or a wall in a lobby, so that staff on the inside may deposit mail in a box, while a key holder on the outside of the building may open his or her box to empty the mail. In many post offices in the U.S., the P.O. box lobby is separate from the window-service lobby, so that the former may be kept open around the clock while the latter is locked after business hours. However, in the U.S. since the 1980s, in cities and large urban areas, post offices have tended to close box lobbies overnight because of the tendency of homeless people to use them for sleeping quarters. As a result, some box lobbies are accessible after-hours by customers who are provided a code to a door keypad.

If a parcel does not fit in a PO box, the postmaster will leave a note advising that customer to pick up that parcel from the counter. In some post offices, a key will be left in the PO box that corresponds to a larger, locked box where the patron may pick up his or her package if a signature is not required. Notes will also be left in the PO box in respect of COD and registered mail that has to be signed for.

Users receiving very large quantities of mail can use "locked bags," which are numbered like PO boxes. In the United States, this service is called caller service, and the assigned number is called a caller number, although mail is typically addressed to "P.O. Box (caller number)."^[3]

In Australia, wall-mounted PO boxes come in three sizes, which are designed so that different sizes can be mixed almost at random on the wall. There are five sizes in the U.S., using that same design principle, although the boxes are normally arranged from the smallest boxes at the top to the largest at the bottom. The two largest sizes are configured as drawers.

• Private Mail Bag - delivered to recipient by contractor.
• Post box - used for outgoing mail.

• Information from the U.S. Postal Service on box rental
• Information from Australia Post on box rental
• Information from Canada Post on box rental
• Information from the Royal Mail in the UK on box rental
• Information from Earth Class Mail on virtual PO box rental