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Plasmin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Plasmin is an important enzyme (EC 3.4.21.7) present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, most notably fibrin clots. The degradation of fibrin is termed fibrinolysis.
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It is a serine protease that is released as plasminogen into the circulation and activated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), thrombin, fibrin and factor XII (Hageman factor). It is inactived by alpha 2-antiplasmin, a serine protease inhibitor (serpin).
Apart from fibrinolysis, plasmin proteolyses proteins in various other systems: it activates collagenases, some mediators of the complement system and weakens the wall of the Graafian follicle (leading to ovulation). It cleaves fibrin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, laminin and von Willebrand factor.
Deficiency in plasmin may lead to thrombosis, as clots are not degraded adequately.
- Anglés-Cano E, Rojas G (2003). "Apolipoprotein(a): structure-function relationship at the lysine-binding site and plasminogen activator cleavage site.". Biol. Chem. 383 (1): 93-9. PMID 11928826.
- Ranson M, Andronicos NM (2004). "Plasminogen binding and cancer: promises and pitfalls.". Front. Biosci. 8: s294-304. PMID 12700073.
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| Coagulation factors | intrinsic pathway (FXII, FXI, FIX, FVIII) - extrinsic pathway (Tissue factor, FVII) - common pathway (FX, FV, (Pro)thrombin / FII, Fibrin / FI, FXIII) - HMWK - vWF - Kallikrein |
| Inhibitors | Antithrombin - Protein C - Protein S - Protein Z - ZPI - TFPI |
| Fibrinolysis | Plasmin - tPA/urokinase - PAI-1/2 - α2-AP - α2-macroglobulin - TAFI |
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| Digestive system | Enteropeptidase - Trypsin - Chymotrypsin - Elastase (Neutrophil, Pancreatic) |
| Complement system | Factor B - Factor D - Factor I - MASP (MASP1, MASP2) - C3-convertase |
| Coagulation | factors: Thrombin - Factor VIIa - Factor IXa - Factor Xa - Factor XIa - Factor XIIa - Kallikrein (PSA) fibrinolysis: Plasmin - Tissue plasminogen activator - Urinary plasminogen activator |
| Immune system | Chymase - Granzyme - Tryptase - Proteinase 3/Myeloblastin |
| Venombin | Ancrod - Batroxobin |
| Other | Acrosin - Prolyl endopeptidase - Pronase - Proprotein convertases (1, 2) - Subtilisin/Furin - Streptokinase - S1P |
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| Angiostatin - Haemopexin - Beta-2 microglobulin - Factor H - Plasminogen - Properdin - Sex hormone binding globulin - Transferrin |