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Petrus Josephus Hubertus (Pierre) Cuypers (May 16, 1827, Roermond – March 3, 1921, Roermond) was a Dutch architect. His name is most frequently associated with the Amsterdam Central Station (1881-1889) and the Rijksmuseum (1876-1885), both in Amsterdam. More representative for his oeuvre, however, are a lot of churches, of which he built more than 100. Moreover, he restored a large number of monuments.

The Rijksmuseum was designed by Cuypers in a combination of both Renaissance and Gothic ^[1] styles in the late 1870s. The result is similar to the Hotel de Ville in Paris in what is considered to be "French Neo-Renaissance" style. However at the Rijksmuseum the Gothic elements seem to outweigh the Renaissance and the building, despite the English Renaissance quoins, and chateauesque roofs, is often considered to be Gothic ^[2].

Cuypers was the son of a church painter and grew up in surroundings in which interest for art was encouraged. After he studied at the urban college in Roermond, he moved to Antwerp in 1844 to study architecture at the art academy. He was taught by Frans Andries Durlet, Frans Stoop and Ferdinand Berckmans, all pioneers of the neo-Gothic architecture in Belgium. Cuypers was a good student; in 1849, he gained the Prix d'Excellence.

After a tour in the German Rheinland, he returned to Roermond, where he was appointed a town architect in 1851. In 1852, he opened a work shop where ecclesiastical art was manufactured.

Cuypers' ecclesiastical work was initially strongly influenced by the 13th century French architecture and the work of French architect, and the writings of his friends Eugene Viollet-le-Duc and J.A. Alberdingk Thijm. Across the Netherlands, Cuypers built a large number of churches in which the French influence played a prominent role. Highlights from these first period are the Lambert's Church in Veghel and the Catharina's Church in Eindhoven, among others. From 1870 onwards Cuypers' style became more influenced by the native Gothic styles of the Netherlands as well as Gothic styles from other countries like Norway and Italy. He also experimented with centralizing ground-plans and other non-conventional layouts. In this second part of his career he built some of his best work. After 1883 he was assisted by his son Joseph Cuypers in much of his work.

Cuypers led a large number of restorations. His conceptions concerning restorations has been frequently criticized; restoration often implied that the building was awfully damaged, but Cuypers tried to satisfy an idealized image of the style or the idea how the original builders had intended a building to be rather than to preserve the architectural evolution of the building. An early example of this is the extensive restoration of the Munster Church in Roermond, where Cuypers replaced original towers by new ones.

The year 2007-2008 is proclaimed "Cuypersjaar" (Cuypersyear) in the Netherlands. A great number of activities and exhibitions is organized around this theme, among other things an exhibition about the architecture of Cuypers at the Netherlands Architecture Institute ([1]) in Rotterdam and Maastricht.

Works of Pierre Cuypers: See the list.

Pierre Cuypers was the uncle of Eduard Cuypers who trained in his practice as a young man.

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Pierre Cuypers