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Father Sergi Standhart of the Russian-Orthodox Church in Amsterdam

The phelonion, in Greek, φαιλόνιον (plural, φαιλόνια/phelonia) is a liturgical vestment worn by a priest of the Eastern Christian tradition. It is worn over the priest's other vestments and is analogous to the chasuble of the Roman Catholic Church. Like the chasuble, it was originally a sort of poncho, with a round hole in the middle for the head, and falling to the feet. In its present form, the front is largely cut away (from about the waist down) to facilitate the priest's movements. The use of the phelonion is not limited to the Divine Liturgy but is specified for any major liturgical function. It is also called phenolion/φαινόλιον (plural phenolia/φαινόλια ) in some books.

There are two main styles of phelonion. Byzantine or Greek-style phelonia are tailored to fit over the shoulders, while Russian phelonia (Фелонъ/felon) have a high, stiffened collar that covers the back of the head. There is also a shortened phelonion (Фелончик/felonchik) that is worn by a reader at his tonsuring. This small phelonion is still worn by altar servers in Old Believers churches.

A display of Russian Orthodox vestments including three phelonia.

A bishop who wishes to serve a Divine Liturgy as a priest (i.e., without the special rites and prayers of the Hierarchical Divine Liturgy) will sometimes vest in a phelonion instead of his sakkos, but with the small omophorion around his neck.

In Oriental Orthodoxy, the phelonion is often only clasped at the neck, and is thus more open than the Byzantine style, resembling a Western cope. Its various names are phanolion (Coptic), paynā (Assyrian), phayno (Syriac Orthodox), šurdzar (Armenian) and kāppā (Ethiopian). These are worn by bishops as well as priests (the sakkos is not worn).