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Patimokkha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In Buddhism, the Patimokkha is the basic Theravada code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for fully ordained monks (bhikkhus) and 311 for nuns (bhikkhunis). It is contained in the Suttavibhanga, a division of the Vinaya Pitaka.
The rules are arranged into sections:
Contents |
Parajika are rules entailing expulsion from the Sangha for life (defeat)
There are four Parajikas or rules of defeat. If a monk breaks any one of the rules he is automatically 'defeated' in the holy life and falls from monkhood immediately. He is not allowed to become a monk again in his lifetime. Intention is necessary in all these four cases to constitute on offence.
Sanghadisesa are rules entailing an initial and subsequent meeting of the Sangha (communal meetings)
The thirteen Sanghadisesa here are rules entailing a formal meeting of the Sangha. If the monk breaks any rule here he has to undergo a period of probation or displine after which, if he shows himself to be repentant, he may reinstated by a Sangha of not less than twenty monks.
Aniyata are Indefinite rules
These are two indefinite rules where a monk is accused of having committed an offence with a woman in a screened(enclosed) or private place by a lay person. It is indefinite because the final outcome depends on whether the monk acknowledges the offence. Benefit of the doubt is given to the monk unless there is over-riding evidence. Thus it is not proper for a monk to be alone with a woman, especially in a screened or private places.
- For bhikhu see Aniyata bhikkhu
Nissaggiya Pacittiya are rules entailing forfeiture and confession
These are thirty rules entailing 'confession with forfeiture.' They are mostly concerned with the possessing of items which are disallowed or obtained in disallowable ways. The monks has to forfeit the item and then confess his offence to another monk.
Pacittiya are rules entailing confession
There are ninety two Pacittiya.
Patidesaniya are rules entailing acknowledgement
There are four rules that entail confession.
Sekhiya are rules of training
There are seventy five Sekhiya or Rules of Training, which are mainly about deportment of a monk.
Adhikarana Samatha are rules for settling disputes
These are seven rules for settlement of legal processes that concern monks only.
- Full set of rules available from the Buddhist Society of Western Australia.
- Buddhist Monastic Code I - The Patimokkha Rules Translated and Explained. By Thanissaro Bhikkhu.
- Buddhist Monastic Code II - The Khandhaka Rules Translated and Explained. By Thanissaro Bhikkhu.
- Sects & Sectarianism - The origins of Buddhist Schools