PKWN Manifesto

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Photo of the PKWN Manifesto
Photo of the PKWN Manifesto
A propaganda photo of a citizen reading the PKWN Manifesto, issued on July 22, 1944
A propaganda photo of a citizen reading the PKWN Manifesto, issued on July 22, 1944

The Manifesto of the Polish Committee of National Liberation (PKWN) known as July or PKWN Manifesto (Polish: Manifest PKWN, Manifest lipcowy) was a political programme of the communist-led and Soviet-backed authorities of Poland created in 1944 in opposition to the Polish government in exile.

It was officially proclaimed in Chełm on July 22, 1944 by the Polish Committee of National Liberation. However, its text was personally amended by Joseph Stalin in Moscow and it was printed there as well.

It announced radical social, political and economical reforms, continuation of fight against Nazi Germany, nationalisation of industry and a decent border in the West. It proclaimed the PKWN to be the only legitimate Polish government thus finally breaking with the Polish government in exile.

It also proclaimed the creation of new police force, the Citizen's Militia (Milicja Obywatelska). Soon afterwards the Soviet Union started to transfer the power in the Soviet-controlled areas of Lublin, Białystok, Rzeszów and Warsaw Voivodships to the PKWN. However, the factual control over those areas remained in the hands of the NKVD and the Red Army.

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