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Ottawa
Total population
15,000
Regions with significant populations
United States (Oklahoma, Michigan) Canada (Ontario)
Language(s)
English, Ottawa
Religion(s)
Christianity, other
Related ethnic groups
Ojibwe, Potawatomi and other Algonquian peoples

The Ottawa (also Odawa, or Odaawaa), meaning "traders," are a Native American and First Nations people. They are related to but distinct from the Ojibwe nation. They lived near the northern shores of Lake Huron. There are approximately 15,000 Ottawa living in Michigan, Ontario, and Oklahoma. The Ottawa language is considered a divergent dialect of the Ojibwe, characterized by frequent syncope. The Ottawa language, like the Ojibwe language, is part of the Algonquian language family.

Like the Ojibwe, the Ottawa usually refer to themselves as Nishnaabe (Anishinaabe, plural: Nishnaabeg (Anishinaabeg)), meaning original people.

The Ottawa and Ojibwe were part of a long term alliance with the Potawatomi tribe, called the Council of Three Fires and which fought the Iroquois Confederacy and the Sioux. The Ottawa allied with the French against the British and the Ottawa Chief Pontiac led a rebellion against the British in 1763. A decade later, chief Egushawa led the Ottawa in the American Revolutionary War as an ally of the British. In the 1790s, Egushawa again fought the United States in a series of battles and campaigns known as the Northwest Indian War.

The name in its English transcription is the source of the place names of Ottawa, Ontario and the Ottawa River, even though the Ottawa's home territory (at the time of early European contact), but not their trading zone, was well to the west of the city and river named after them. For several other places named for the Ottawa, see Ottawa (disambiguation).

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Cappel, Constance, "The Smallpox Genocide of the Odawa Tribe at L'Arbre Croche, 1763: The History of a Native American People," Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2007.

Cappel, Constance, editor, "Odawa Language and Legends: Andrew J. Blackbird and Raymond Kiogima," Philadelphia, PA: Xlibris, 2006.

• "Ottawa History" Shultzman, L. 2000. First Nations Histories. Accessed: 2006-03-28.

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