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Optic chiasm
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Brain: Optic chiasm | ||
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| Visual pathway with optic chiasm (X shape outlined, red) (1543 image from Andreas Vesalius' Fabrica) | ||
| Latin | chiasma opticum | |
| Gray's | subject #197 883 | |
| MeSH | Optic+chiasm | |
The optic chiasm (Greek χίασμα, "crossing", from the Greek χλαζειν 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', chi) is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross.
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Specifically, in the optic chiasm, the nerves connected to the right eye that attend to the right temporal visual field (located in the right retina) cross to the left half of the brain, while the nerves from the left eye that attend to the left temporal visual field (located in the left retina) cross to the right half of the brain.
This allows for parts of both eyes that attend to the right visual field to be processed in the left visual system in the brain, and vice versa.
In Siamese cats with certain genotypes of the albino gene, this wiring is disrupted, with less of the nerve-crossing than is normal, as a number of scholars have reported. [1] To compensate for lack of crossing in their brains, they cross their eyes (strabismus). [2]
This is also seen in albino tigers, as Guillery & Kaas report.[3]
 Mesal aspect of a brain sectioned in the median sagittal plane. |
 Median sagittal section of brain. |
 Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts. |
 Base of brain. |
 Coronal section of brain through anterior commissure. |
 The fornix and corpus callosum from below. |
 Diagram showing the positions of the three principal subarachnoid cisternæ. |
 The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. |
 The hypophysis cerebri in position. Shown in sagittal section. |
 Median sagittal through the hypophysis of an adult monkey. Semidiagrammatic. |
 3D schematic representation of optic tracts |
- ^ OMIA
- ^ R. W. Guillery; J. H. Kaas. Genetic Abnormality of the Visual Pathways in a "White" Tiger. Science. 1973 Jun 22;180(92):1287-9. GS
- ^ Guillery, R. Visual pathways in albinos. Scientific American 1974 May;230(5):44-54. PubMed
- Jeffery, Glen. Architecture of the Optic Chiasm and the Mechanisms That Sculpt Its Development Physiol Rev, Oct 2001; 81: 1393 - 1414.
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| Eye • Optic nerve • Optic chiasm • Optic tract • Lateral geniculate nucleus • Optic radiation • Visual cortex • Blobs |