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Ą	ą
Ę	ę
Į	į
Ǫ	ǫ
Ǭ	ǭ
Ų	ų

Diacritical marks

accent acute accent ( ´ ) double acute accent ( ˝ ) grave accent ( ` ) double grave accent (  ̏ ) breve ( ˘ ) caron / háček ( ˇ ) cedilla ( ¸ ) circumflex ( ^ ) diaeresis / umlaut ( ¨ ) dot ( · ) anunaasika ( ˙ ) anusvara (  ̣ ) chandrabindu (   ँ   ঁ   ઁ   ଁ ఁ ) hook / dấu hỏi (  ̉ ) horn / dấu móc (  ̛ ) macron ( ¯ ) ogonek ( ˛ ) ring / kroužek ( ˚, ˳ ) rough breathing / spiritus asper (  ῾ ) smooth breathing / spiritus lenis (  ᾿ )

Marks sometimes used as diacritics

apostrophe ( ’ ) bar ( | ) colon ( : ) comma ( , ) hyphen ( ˗ ) tilde ( ~ ) titlo (  ҃ )

The ogonek (Polish for "little tail", the diminutive of ogon) is a diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the Latin alphabet used in several European and Native American languages.

Contents 1 Languages that use the ogonek 2 Values 2.1 Nasalization 2.2 Length 2.3 Tone 3 Typographical notes 3.1 Other encodings 3.2 LaTeX2e 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

• Polish (letters ą, ę)
• Lithuanian (ą, ę, į, ų)
• Creek, Navajo and Western Apache (ą, ąą, ę, ęę, į, įį, ǫ, ǫǫ)
• Chiricahua and Mescalero (ą, ąą, ę, ęę, į, įį, ų, ųų),
• Tutchone and Älvdalen Dalecarlian (ą, ę, į, ų, y̨ and ą̊),
• Gwich'in.
• For ę in Latin and Irish palaeography, see E caudata.
• Modern scholarly transcriptions of Old Norse (letter ǫ)

Example in Polish:

Wół go pyta: „Panie chrząszczu,

Po co pan tak brzęczy w gąszczu?”

— Jan Brzechwa, Chrząszcz

Example in Lithuanian:

Lydėdami gęstančią žarą vėlai

Pakilo į dangų margi sakalai

— Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas, Margi sakalai

Example in Älvdalen Dalecarlian:

"Ja, eð war įe plåg að gęslkallum, dar eð war slaik uondlostjyner i gęslun."

— Vikar Margit Andersdotter, I fäbodlivet i gamla tider.

The use of the ogonek to indicate nasality is common in the transcription of the indigenous languages of the Americas. This usage originated in the orthographies created by Christian missionaries to transcribe these languages. Later, the practice was continued by Americanist anthropologists and linguists who still follow this convention in phonetic transcription to the present day (see Americanist phonetic notation).

The ogonek is also used in academic transliteration of Old Church Slavonic and Old Norse. In Polish, Old Church Slavonic, Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, and Älvdalen Dalecarlian it indicates that the vowel is nasalized. Even if ę is nasalized e in Polish, ą is nasalized o not a.

In Lithuanian, where it formerly indicated nasalization which is no longer distinctive, it indicates that a vowel is long. The Lithuanian word for "ogonek" is nosinė which literally means "nasal".

In Navajo, Chiricahua, Western Apache, and Mescalero it can be combined with the acute and grave accents where it indicates high tone, or in long vowels high, falling, rising tone (e.g. ą́, ǫ́ǫ́, į́į). In the orthography conventions of Willem de Reuse, Western Apache has combinations of ogonek and macron (e.g. ǭ, į̄į̄).

The ogonek should be almost the same size as a descender (in larger type sizes may be relatively quite shorter) and should not be confused with the cedilla or comma diacritic marks used in other languages.

The HTML/Unicode numbers for ogonek letters are:

Upper Case			Lower Case
Letter	HTML	Alt Code	Letter	HTML	Alt Code
Ą	Ą	Alt + 0260	ą	ą	Alt + 0261
Ę	Ę	Alt + 0280	ę	ę	Alt + 0281
Į	Į	Alt + 0302	į	į	Alt + 0303
Ǫ	Ǫ	Alt + 0490	ǫ	ǫ	Alt + 0491
Ų	Ų	Alt + 0370	ų	ų	Alt + 0371
˛	˛	Alt + 0731

E with ogonek is present in both Latin-2 and Latin-4, as CA (uppercase) and EA (lowercase). In Latin-10 it is located at DD (uppercase) and FD (lowercase).

In LaTeX2e macro \k will typeset a letter with ogonek, if it is supported by the font encoding , e.g. \k{a} will typeset ą. The package TIPA activated by using the command "\usepackage{tipa}", offers a different way: "\textpolhook{a}" will produce ą.

• E caudata
• Cedilla
• Comma (punctuation)
• Ẽ ẽ
• ᚬ

This article does not cite any references or sources. (September 2007) Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

• Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents
• Polish Diacritics — How To?
• Förslag till en enhetlig stavning för älvdalska (March, 2005)

The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
Letters using ogonek sign ĄąĘęĮįǪǫŲų history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters