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Ocean rowing is the sport of rowing across oceans. The sport is as much a psychological as it is a physical challenge. Rowers often have to endure long periods at sea with help often many days if not weeks away. The challenge is especially acute for solo rowers who are held in especially high esteem within the sport. The history of ocean rowing is sometimes divided into two eras. The first 12 ocean rows are considered "Historic Ocean rows" within the sport as they were completed with very limited if any modern technology. The subsequent rows are described as "Modern Day rows". Despite the now regular rowing races, fewer people have rowed an ocean as of 2006 than have climbed Everest or been into Space..^[1]

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Contents 1 Atlantic rowing 2 Atlantic Rowing Races 3 Pacific 4 Indian Ocean 5 Ocean rowing in popular culture 6 References 7 External links

The first ocean to be rowed was the Atlantic by Frank Samuelsen and George Harbo, two Americans born in Norway, in June 1896. The pair left Battery Park, Manhattan on 6 June 1896 arriving in Le Havre, France 55 days and 13 hours later having covered 3,250 miles. The pair also stopped on the Isles of Scilly during their journey.^[2]

The first solo crossing of any ocean was completed by John Fairfax of Britain on 19 July 1969. He rowed from Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands to Hollywood beach, Florida in 180 days. In the same year Tom McClean, also of Britain rowed from Newfoundland, Canada arriving in Blacksod Bay, Ireland on 27 July 1969. Despite having left almost 4 months after Fairfax he came within 8 days of beating Fairfax to the title of first solo rower of any ocean.

On 3 December 1999 Tori Murden of the USA became the first woman to row any ocean solo when she arrived in Guadeloupe having set off from Tenerife in the Canary Islands 81 days earlier. In March 2006 Julie Wafaei of Canada became the first woman to row across the Atlantic from mainland to mainland.^[3]

The fastest unsupported row from USA to England has been set in 2005 by The Ocean Fours (NL) (Gijs Groeneveld, Robert Hoeve, Jaap Koomen, Maarten Staarink) with the Vopak Victory. They left New York on 27th May and crossed the Bishops Rock Longitude 60 days, 16 hours and 19 minutes later.

Rowing the Atlantic first became mainstream when the first Atlantic Rowing Race was launched by Sir Chay Blyth, after reflecting on his own ocean row that propelled him to international renown. This was the Port St. Charles, Barbados Atlantic Rowing Race. Thirty double-handed teams lined up at the start line in a 'one design' rowing boat just outside of Los Gigantes marina on Sunday 12 October 1997. The race won by Kiwi Challenge, rowed by Rob Hamill and Phil Stubbs after 41 days at sea. Second place went to the French crew of Atlantik Challenge, Joseph Le Guen and his partner, a double convicted murderer, Pascal Blond.

Later Atlantic Rowing Races:

• Ward Evans Atlantic Rowing Race 2001 - Won by Matt Goodman & Steve Westlake in Telecom Challenge 1

• Woodvale Atlantic Rowing Race 2003 - Won by James Fitzgerald & Kevin Biggar in Holiday Shoppe Challenge

• Ocean Rowing Society's Atlantic Rowing Race 2004 [5] - Fours event won by Queensgate (GB); Pairs event won by Christopher Morgan and Michael Perrins in Carpe Diem (GB)

• Woodvale Atlantic Rowing Race 2005 - Overall race won by Clint Evans and Chris Andrews in C² (GB)

• Shephard Ocean Fours Rowing Race 2006 - Inaugural North Atlantic Rowing Race won by team O.A.R. Northwest (Jordan Hanssen, Brad Vickers, Greg Spooner, and Dylan LeValley) rowing James Robert Hanssen

Having become the first person to row any ocean solo in 1969, John Fairfax set off from San Francisco in California on 26 April 1971 with Sylvia Cook. After three stops (in Mexico, Fanning Island and the Onotoa Gilbert Islands) the two arrived on Hayman Island in Australia 361 days later on 22 April 1972. In doing so Cook became the first woman to row any Ocean.

The first person to row the Pacific solo was Peter Bird of Britain. Bird set off from San Francisco, California and arrived at the Great Barrier Reef Australia 294 days later on June 14, 1983. Bird would later die attempting the west to east journey across the Pacific.

Controversially, Briton Jim Shekhdar later made the claim to be "the first person to row across the Pacific single-handed". Shekhdar had rowed across the Pacific non-stop, solo and unassisted arriving in Australia on 30 March 2001. Some within the sport felt that Shekhdar had not given due credit to the achievement of Peter Bird and the term "unassisted" also came under some scrutiny.

The Indian Ocean was first crossed by Anders Svedlund of Sweden in 1971. He set off from Kalbarri in Western Australia on April 29, 1971 and arrived near Diego Suarez, Madagascar 64 days later on June 23..^[4]

In 2009, the first Indian Ocean Rowing Race is planned by Woodvale Events

The British rock band Marillion released an eighteen minute song called Ocean Cloud on its 2004 album Marbles based on Donald Allum's almost fatal third crossing of the Atlantic from Newfoundland to Ireland in 1987.

• The Association of Ocean Rowers
• Woodvale Events
• Ocean Rowing Handbook
• The Ocean Rowing Society
• [6] Don Allum's log at the above.