Occipital bone

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Bone: Occipital bone

Sagittal section of skull. (Occipital bone is at right, in blue.)

Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Occipital bone is at bottom, in blue.)
Gray's	subject #31 129
Articulations	the two parietals, the two temporals, the sphenoid, and the atlas

The occipital bone, a saucer-shaped membrane bone situated at the back and lower part of the cranium, is trapezoid in shape and curved on itself. It is pierced by a large oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal.

The curved, expanded plate behind the foramen magnum is named the squama occipitalis.
The thick, somewhat quadrilateral piece in front of the foramen is called the basilar part of occipital bone.
On either side of the foramen are the lateral parts of occipital bone.

1 Foramen magnum
2 Angles
3 Borders
4 Structure
5 Additional images
6 See also

See also Foramen magnum

The foramen magnum is a large oval aperture with its long diameter antero-posterior; it is wider behind than in front where it is encroached upon by the condyles.

It transmits the medulla oblongata and its membranes, the accessory nerves, the vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, and the membrana tectoria and alar ligaments.

The superior angle of the occipital bone articulates with the occipital angles of the parietal bones and, in the fetal skull, corresponds in position with the posterior fontanelle.

The inferior angle is fused with the body of the sphenoid. The lateral angles are situated at the extremities of the grooves for the transverse sinuses: each is received into the interval between the mastoid angle of the parietal and the mastoid part of the temporal.

The superior borders extend from the superior to the lateral angles: they are deeply serrated for articulation with the occipital borders of the parietals, and form by this union the lambdoidal suture.

The inferior borders extend from the lateral angles to the inferior angle; the upper half of each articulates with the mastoid portion of the corresponding temporal, the lower half with the petrous part of the same bone.

These two portions of the inferior border are separated from one another by the jugular process, the notch on the anterior surface of which forms the posterior part of the jugular foramen.

The occipital, like the other cranial the outer and inner tables, between which is the cancellous tissue or diploë; the bone is especially thick at the ridges, protuberances, condyles, and anterior part of the basilar part; in the inferior fossæ it is thin, semitransparent, and destitute of diploë.

Cranial bones	Base of skull. Inferior surface.	Membrana tectoria, transverse, and alar ligaments.	Median sagittal section through the occipital bone and first three cervical vertebræ.
Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column.	Upper part of medulla spinalis and hind- and mid-brains; posterior aspect, exposed in situ.	Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the associated vessels and nerves.

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.