Northeastern Mandarin

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This article is about the Mandarin Chinese spoken in the Northeastern part of China. For the standardized official spoken Chinese language, see Standard Mandarin.
Northeastern Mandarin
東北話 / 东北话
Dōngběihuà
Spoken in: China (Not Official) (the People's Republic of China and Manchuria 
Region: Most of Northeastern China / Manchuria;
Total speakers: Around 100 million
Language family: Sino-Tibetan
 Chinese
  Northeastern Mandarin 
Official status
Official language in: in Northeastern China: PRC
Regulated by: no official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1: none
ISO 639-2:
ISO 639-3:

Northeastern Mandarin or Northeast China Dialect is a variety of Mandarin Chinese, known as Dongbeihua (traditional Chinese: 東北話; simplified Chinese: 东北话; pinyin: Dōngběihuà), literally "Northeast Speech/Language," or Dongbeiguanhua (东北官话/東北官話; Dōngběiguānhuà) in Mandarin. Northeastern Mandarin is very similar to the Beijing dialect, upon which Standard Mandarin Chinese (Pǔtōnghuà) is based.

Contents

The dialect is spoken by people in the Northeastern part of Mainland China; areas like Liáoníng, Jílín, and Hēilóngjiāng provinces. These three provinces make up what is known as Northeastern China or Manchuria. With over 100 million people living in the Northeastern part of China, the Northeastern Mandarin-speaking population is quite large. Like other Mandarin dialects, differences between Northeastern Mandarin and other forms arise from the wide geographical distribution and cultural diversity of northern China.

Northeastern Mandarin can be subdivided into regional sub-dialects named for major cities where there might be slight differences.

Usually, speakers of Northeastern Mandarin describe the variant that they are speaking as distinct from Standard Mandarin. However, linguists classify Northeastern Mandarin as a form of Mandarin Chinese in a broader sense. While the difference between Northeastern Mandarin and Beijing dialect are not so significant phonologically, Northeastern Mandarin contains many colloquialisms not found in Standard Mandarin.

Although, not considered a language in academic circles, Mandarin variants like Northeastern Mandarin often contribute to a strong regional identity. Chinese speakers can usually recongize a Northeasterner by his or her accent (much like an English speaker can assume a person with a Southern American English to be from the Southern United States).

Northeastern Mandarin evolved from Han immigrants mainly from Shandong and Hebei provinces who settled Manchuria in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but it also retains elements from native Tungusic languages, Japanese and Russian and there are enough differences to give the dialect its own distinctive characteristics.


[edit] Chinese: spoken varieties  
Generally accepted first-level categories:

Mandarin | Wu | Cantonese | Min | Hakka | Xiang | Gan |

Often accepted first-level categories:

Jin | Hui | Ping

Unclassified:

Danzhouhua | Shaozhou Tuhua

Subcategories of Mandarin: Northeastern | Beijing | Ji-Lu | Jiao-Liao | Zhongyuan | Lan-Yin | Southwestern | Taiwanese | Jianghuai | Dungan
Subcategories of Min: Min Bei | Min Dong | Min Nan | Min Zhong | Puxian | Qiong Wen | Shaojiang
Comprehensive list of Chinese dialects     |     Identification of the varieties of Chinese
Historical phonology: Old Chinese | Middle Chinese | Proto-Min | Proto-Mandarin | Haner
Written varieties
Official written varieties: Classical Chinese | Vernacular Chinese
Other varieties: Written Vernacular Cantonese
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