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sialidase 1 (lysosomal sialidase)
Identifiers
Symbol	NEU1 NEU
HUGO	7758
Entrez	4758
OMIM	608272
RefSeq	NM_000434
UniProt	Q99519
Other data
EC number	3.2.1.18
Locus	Chr. 6 p21

Neuraminidase is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme (EC 3.2.1.18). It is frequently found as an antigenic glycoprotein and is best known as one of the enzymes found on the surface of the Influenza virus. Some variants of the influenza neuraminidase confer more virulence to the virus than others. At least four neuraminidases in the human genome have been described. Deficiencies in the human enzyme NEU1 leads to the rare lysosomal storage disease sialidosis (Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 256550).

Contents 1 Subtypes 2 Structure 3 Function 4 Neuraminidase inhibitors 5 See also 6 Sources and notes 7 External links

Swiss-Prot lists 137 types of neuraminidase from various species as of October 18, 2006 [1]. Nine subtypes of influenza neuraminidase are known; many occur only in various species of duck and chicken. Subtypes N1 and N2 have been positively linked to epidemics in man, and strains with N3 or N7 subtypes have been identified in a number of isolated deaths.

Influenza neuraminidase exists as a mushroom-shape projection on the surface of the influenza virus. It has a head consisting of four co-planar and roughly spherical subunits, and a hydrophobic region that is embedded within the interior of the virus' membrane. It is comprised of a single polypeptide chain that is oriented in the opposite direction to the hemagglutinin antigen. The composition of the polypeptide is a single chain of six conserved polar amino acids, followed by hydrophilic, variable amino acids.

Neuraminidase has functions that aid in the efficiency of virus release from cells. Neuraminidase cleaves terminal sialic acid residues from carbohydrate moieties on the surfaces of infected cells. This promotes the release of progeny viruses from infected cells. Neuraminidase also cleaves sialic acid residues from viral proteins, preventing aggregation of viruses. Administration of chemical inhibitors of neuraminidase is a treatment that limits the severity and spread of viral infections.

Neuraminidase is also a virulence factor for many bacteria including Bacteroides fragilis.

Ideally influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) should act on the same type of virus receptor the virus Hemagglutinin (HA) binds to. This is not always so. It is not quite clear how the virus manages to function if there is no close match between the specificities of NA and HA.

Neuraminidase inhibitors are useful for combating influenza infection: zanamivir, administered by inhalation; oseltamivir, administered orally; and under research is peramivir administered parenterally, that is through intravenous or intramuscular injection.

• Antigenic shift
• Flu research
• Glucoside hydrolase
• Hemagglutinin
• H5N1 genetic structure

• MeSH Neuraminidase