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Nenets language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Nenets ненёця" вада |
||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Russia | |
| Region: | Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Komi Republic, Murmansk Oblast | |
| Total speakers: | 27,273 | |
| Language family: | Uralic Samoyedic Northern Nenets |
|
| Official status | ||
| Official language of: | Nenets Autonomous Okrug | |
| Regulated by: | no official regulation | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | mis | |
| ISO 639-3: | yrk | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-based pronunciation key. | ||
Nenets (autonym: ненёця" вада) is a language spoken by the Nenets people in northern Russia. It belongs to the Samoyedic languages which form the Uralic language family with the Finno-Ugric languages. There are two major dialects—Tundra Nenets and Forest Nenets—with low mutual intelligibility between the two. Tundra Nenets has the largest group of speakers.
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Nenets is spoken by 27,273 people, of which 26,730 people are native speakers. It is spoken in the wide area in North Russia including Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Komi Republic, and the eastern parts of Murmansk Oblast on the Kola peninsula.
Nenets has a CV(C) syllable structure. In other words, a syllable may contain an initial consonant, a medial vowel, and an optional terminal consonant. Examples include ya ("earth"), wada ("word"), and ηarka ("big"). The schwa or reduced vowel may sometimes appear in lieu of a terminal consonant. Although the language does not technically permit syllables to begin with vowels, in practice this sometimes occurs in western dialects, e.g. western arka ("big") versus standard east-central ηarka.
The syllabic structure is fairly consistent in all dialects, however. There are no long vowels or diphthongs, nor initial nor final consonant clusters, nor medial clusters containing more than two consonants.
Vowels:
| Schwa | ə | ||||
| Reduced | ø | ||||
| Plain | a | e | i | o | u |
| Stretched | iː | uː | æ |
Some western dialects lack æ, replacing it with e.
Consonants:
| Unvoiced plosives | k | kʲ / c | p | pʲ | t | tʲ / ƫ |
| Voiced plosives | ɡ | ɡʲ / ɟ | b | bʲ | d | dʲ |
| Fricatives | s | sʲ / ɕ | ʒ | ʒʲ / ʑ | ʦ | ʦʲ / ʨ |
| Nasals | m | mʲ | n | nʲ / ɲ | ŋ | |
| Liquids | l | lʲ / ʎ | r | rʲ | ||
| Semi-vowels | h | hʲ / ç | w | j | ʔ |
The〈ʲ〉mark denotes palatalization, or a movement towards palatal articulation or secondary palatal articulation.
Nenets is written with an adapted form of the Cyrillic alphabet, incorporating the supplemental letters Ӈ, ', and ".
| А а
а |
Б б
бе |
В в
ве |
Г г
ге |
Д д
де |
Е е
е |
Ё ё
ё |
Ж ж
же |
| З з
зе |
И и
и |
Й й
й |
й й | К к
ка |
Л л
ел |
М м
ем |
Н н
ен |
| Ӈ ӈ
еӈ |
О о
о |
П п
пе |
Р р
ер |
С с
ес |
Т т
те |
У у
у |
Ф ф
еф |
| Х х
ха |
Ц ц
це |
Ч ч
че |
Ш ш
ша |
Щ щ
ща |
Ъ ъ
ъ |
Ы ы
ы |
|
| Ь ь
ь |
Э э
э |
Ю ю
ю |
Я я
я |
' | " |