Malayalam script

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Malayalam
Type: Abugida
Languages: Malayalam language
Time period:
ISO 15924 code: Mlym
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-​based pronunciation key.
Image:Example.of.complex.text.rendering.svg This article contains Indic text.
Without rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes or other symbols instead of Indic characters; or irregular vowel positioning and a lack of conjuncts.

The Malayalam script is an abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write the Malayalam language. From the Brahmi script, the Grantha script was emerged as one of the earliest Southern scripts. It further evolved to the Malayalam script. Malayalam script covers all alphabets of Sanskrit as well as special Dravidian letters.

Picture showing the relation of Malayalam to Brahmi
Picture showing the relation of Malayalam to Brahmi

The alphabet is classified into two categories: swarams (or vowels) and vyanjanams (or consonants).

If you don't have a font that has Malayalam characters and Unicode support, the Malayalam characters in the following tables may not appear correctly.

Contents

Letter Vowel sign Vowel with [p] Unicode name IPA Remarks
അ പ (pa) A a short 'a'
ആ ാ പാ (pā) AA aː long 'a'
ഇ ി പി (pi) I i short 'i'
ഈ ീ പീ (pī) II iː long 'i'
ഉ ു പു (pu) U u short 'u'
ഊ ൂ പൂ (pu) UU uː long 'u'
ഋ ൃ പൃ (pr) VOCALIC R r<
ഌ VOCALIC L obsolete/rarely used
എ െ െപ (pe) E e short 'e'
ഏ േ േപ (pē) E eː long 'e'
ഐ ൈ ൈപ (pai) AI ai
ഒ ൊ െപാ (po) O o short 'o'
ഓ ോ േപാ (pō) OO oː long 'o'
ഔ ൌ പൌ (pau) AU au
അ.
അ:

Malayalam Unicode name Transliteration IPA
ക KA k k
ഖ KHA kh kh
ഗ GA g g
ഘ GHA gh gɦ
ങ NGA n or ng ŋ
ച CHA ch tʃ
ഛ CHHA chh tʃh
ജ JA j dʒ
ഝ JHA jh dʒɦ
ഞ NJA ñ or nj ɲ
ട TTA ṭ or tt ʈ
ഠ TTHA ṭh or tth ʈh
ഡ DDA ḍ or dd ɖ
ഢ DDHA ḍh or ddh ɖɦ
ണ NNA ṇ or nn ɳ
ത THA th t
ഥ THHA thh th
ദ DA d d
Malayalam Unicode name Transliteration IPA
ധ DHA d d<
ന NA n n
പ PA p p
ഫ PHA ph ph
ബ BA b b
ഭ BHA bh bɦ
മ MA m m
യ YA y j
ര RA r r
ല LA l l
വ VA v ʋ
ശ SSA ṣ or s ɕ
ഷ SHA sś or sh ʃ
സ SA s s
ഹ HA h ɦ
ള LLA ḷ or ll ɭ
ഴ ZHA ḻ or zh ɹ
റ RRA ṟ or rr r

There is no distinction of case, i.e. no uppercase and lowercase letters. Diacritics, or vowel signs, are used to associate a vowel to a consonant. When no diacritic is used, the vowel sound 'a' is assumed. To denote the absence of a vowel specifically, a chandrakkala ് (also called virama) is used.

Symbol Name Function
് virama or chandrakkala denotes the absence of a vowel
ം anusvaaram nasalizes the preceding vowel
ഃ visargam adds voiceless breath after vowel (like h)

In addition to these symbols, there are many more symbols to indicate ligatures of the various consonants with each other.

Malayalam digits are written as follows:

Malayalam Indo-Arabic
0 0
൧ 1
൨ 2
൩ 3
൪ 4
൫ 5
൬ 6
൭ 7
൮ 8
൯ 9

The Unicode range for Malayalam is U+0D00 ... U+0D7F.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
D00   ഀ ഁ ം ഃ ഄ അ ആ ഇ ഈ ഉ ഊ ഋ ഌ ഍ എ ഏ
D10   ഐ ഑ ഒ ഓ ഔ ക ഖ ഗ ഘ ങ ച ഛ ജ ഝ ഞ ട
D20   ഠ ഡ ഢ ണ ത ഥ ദ ധ ന ഩ പ ഫ ബ ഭ മ യ
D30   ര റ ല ള ഴ വ ശ ഷ സ ഹ ഺ ഻ ഼ ഽ ാ ി
D40   ീ ു ൂ ൃ ൄ ൅ െ േ ൈ ൉ ൊ ോ ൌ ് ൎ ൏
D50 ൐ ൑ ൒ ൓ ൔ ൕ ൖ ൗ ൘ ൙ ൚ ൛ ൜ ൝ ൞ ൟ
D60 ൠ ൡ ൢ ൣ ൤ ൥ 0 ൧ ൨ ൩ ൪ ൫ ൬ ൭ ൮ ൯
D70   ൰ ൱ ൲ ൳ ൴ ൵ ൶ ൷ ൸ ൹ ൺ ൻ ർ ൽ ൾ ൿ


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