Malate

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For the district in Manila, see Malate, Manila.
Malic acid. Malate is ionized form.
Malic acid. Malate is ionized form.

Malate (O−OC-CH2-CH(OH)-COO−) is the ionized form of malic acid. It is an important chemical compound in biochemistry. In the C4 carbon fixation process, malate is a source of CO2 in the Calvin cycle.

In the citric acid cycle, (S)-malate is an intermediate formed by the addition of an -OH group on the si face of fumarate; it can also be formed from pyruvate via anaplerotic reactions. Malate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible conversion of malate into oxaloacetate using NAD as a cofactor.

Malate is also produced from starch in guard cells of plant leaves. A build up of malate leads to a low water potential. Water then flows into the guard cells causing the stoma to open. However, this process does not always induce the opening of stomas.



 v • d • e 
Citric Acid Cycle Metabolic Pathway
Oxaloacetate Malate Fumarate Succinate Succinyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA NADH + H+ NAD+ H2O FADH2 FAD CoA + ATP(GTP) Pi + ADP(GDP)
+ H2O NADH + H+ + CO2
CoA NAD+
H2O H2O NAD(P)+ NAD(P)H + H+ CO2
Citrate cis-Aconitate Isocitrate Oxalosuccinate α-Ketoglutarate


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