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Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party(MGP) (Marathi : महाराष्ट्रवादी गोमंतक पक्ष) was Goa's first ruling party after the end of Portuguese colonial rule in 1961. In the first elections held in this former Portuguese colony of 451 years, it ascended to power in December 1963 and stayed on, till being ousted from power by defections in early 1979.

The party has its base amongst non-Brahmin Hindus, a group that make up a large section of the poorer half of the Goan society, and was particularly deprived during Portuguese rule in Goa. It held on to power despite being affected by some defections, for much of the first two decades of post-Portuguese Goa, defeating the other contenders for power -- primarily the United Goans party (not to be confused with the United Goans Democratic Party, founded in the 1990s) first, and later the Congress.

MGP's first chief minister was the mineowner Dayanand Bandodkar, followed by his daughter, Shashikala Kakodkar, who ascended to power after her father died in office, approximately a decade after taking over power, in 1973.

MGP's plank was largely based on populism, and promising a better deal to the Hindu economically deprived and socially oppressed sections in Goa. It was initially associated with a plank of merging Goa with the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, a policy it subsequently eschewed when the 1967 'Opinion Poll' held in the region voted against the merger. It has also supported the use of the Marathi language; though some interprete its stand on language and merger as being partly a means of fighting caste issues and countering the domination of Goa by the traditional Hindu and Catholic elites.

During the first 18 years after integration with independent India, MGP led the state government. Today, however, MGP is marginalized. BJP, the Bharatiya Janata Party, particularly during its reign between 1999 and 2005, was showing increasing signs of having taken over most of the Hindu voters, and a large chunk of the party cadre. The BJP allied with the MGP in the elections of 1994, and made inroads into that party's vote-base, even though it won only four seats in that elections, and the MGP got 10. Over the years, the lion-symboled party with a saffron flag has been further eroded by the ascendent BJP. The crisis has even reached the point were dissolution of the party has been discussed.

Currently, the MGP hold just one seat (out of a total of 40 seats) in the Goa legislative assembly.

In the Lok Sabha parliamentary elections of 2004, the party had launched candidates in both constituencies in Goa. They got 5377 and 2207 votes.