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Lord Guilford Dudley (sometimes spelled "Guildford") (1536 - 12 February 1554) was a son of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, and Jane Guildford; and the younger brother of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. His lineage goes to Roland de Sutton, son of Hervé who inherited a knight's fee of Sutton as descendent of a Breton warrior-follower of Alain Le Roux, leader of the Breton army in the Harrying of the North ^[1].

His father became the leader of the Privy Council after the execution of Lord Protector Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset, during the reign of King Edward VI of England. On Edward's death, Northumberland feared the accession of the King's half-sister, the Catholic Lady Mary (future Mary I of England). The Duke of Northumberland had the order of succession changed, so Lady Jane Grey would be proclaimed Queen after the death of the King.

In order to ensure the security of England against Catholic rule, he had married Lady Jane to his son Guilford on May 15, 1553 at Durham House.

Within days of king Edward's untimely death, Jane was hastily proclaimed Queen, and against her own better judgement officially ruled for nine (or thirteen) days. The Dudley and Grey families had planned to have Guilford proclaimed King, but Jane would agree only to make him Duke of Clarence. After Jane lost the throne to Mary Tudor, Jane and Guilford were moved from the Royal apartments in the Tower of London to the Gentleman Gaoler's lodgings. Mary agreed to spare their lives, and for six months they lived in the Tower, with substantial freedom. However, after Thomas Wyatt's Rebellion of 1554, Mary saw Jane and Guilford as inspirations for potential future rebellions against her. After some hesitation, Mary signed the death warrant. Eleven days after the execution, Jane's father, the Duke of Suffolk, who had been actively involved in Wyatt's revolt, suffered the same fate.

Guilford was escorted by guards to Tower Hill, where he was publicly executed. His last words were "pray for me!" and his head came off with one swing of the axe. His body was carried to the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, in the grounds of the Tower of London. On seeing the body from her window, Jane is alleged to have cried, "Oh, Guilford, Guilford." He was buried in the chapel with Jane.

Guilford's brothers, John, Ambrose, Robert and Henry, along with their father, were also for a while incarcerated in the Tower, but were subsequently pardoned.

A cell wall in the Tower of London contains a carving of the word "IANE." (The letter "J" did not come into common use until the 18th century and was frequently signified by an "I" before this.) The carving is believed to have been done by Guildford while imprisoned, perhaps pining for his wife, or his mother (also called Jane).