List of territorial disputes

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The terms country, state, and nation can have various meanings. Therefore, diverse lists of these entities are possible. Wikipedia offers the following lists:
  • the list of countries, listing countries in the sense of independent states (both those that are internationally recognized and generally unrecognized), inhabited dependent territories, and areas of special sovereignty.
  • the list of sovereign states, listing sovereign states with information on the extent of their sovereignty. It includes both states widely recognized (de jure) to be sovereign and entities that claim sovereignty while exercising de facto control over (part of) their claimed territory.
Related lists are the lists of federations, unrecognized countries, autonomous areas, dependent territories, and territorial disputes. In some contexts country and state is also used for some subnational entities.[19] More lists of countries can be found at the lists of countries.

This is a list of extant territorial disputes around the world. Bold indicates one claimant's full control; italics, one or more claimants' partial control .

Contents

Territorial disputes in Europe (red: Disputes involving states that recognize each other, pink: Disputes involving parties that each have some territory under control but do not recognize each other)
Territorial disputes in Europe (red: Disputes involving states that recognize each other, pink: Disputes involving parties that each have some territory under control but do not recognize each other)

See also: List of unrecognized countries

See also demilitarized zone

The Antarctic Treaty System, formed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica and provides administration for the continent, which is carried out through consultative member meetings. It freezes the territorial claims of all signatories (all claimants have acceded) for as long as the treaty is in force. However, it is not a final settlement; parties can choose to withdraw from the System at any time. Furthermore, only a minority of states have signed it, and it is not formally sanctioned by the United Nations. Thus, Antarctica remains the only part of the planet any (non-signatory) state can still lay claim to as terra nullius (on the grounds of it not having been part of any existing state's legal and effective territory).

When the Constitution of the Republic of China was adopted on 25 December 1947, the Republic of China did recognize the statehood of the Mongolian People's Republic with Soviet pressure. After the UN General Assembly Resolution 505 was passed in 1952, the Republic of China withdrew such a recognition in 1953 and therefore claimed Greater Mongolia including Outer Mongolia.

On 26 November 1993, the Judicial Yuan of the Republic of China in its Interpretation 328 called the constitutional territory beyond the reach of judicial review and thus avoided the question as whether Mongolia should be considered the constitutional territory of the Republic of China.[17]

The Republic of China has once again recognized the statehood of Mongolia in 2002 (but still claiming Tannu Uriankhai administered by Russia), thus freezing the territorial claim, but as the Constitution of the Republic of China still mentions Mongolia in Article 119 that has not been superseded by the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, there are different opinions as to whether such a recognition is constitutional. Despite these, the Yearbook of the Republic of China 2003 Version published by the Government Information Office does claim Outer Mongolia.[18]

Map of the Republic of China (now based in Taiwan) with various territorial disputes
Map of the Republic of China (now based in Taiwan) with various territorial disputes

Over 1.5% of the world's population live in an area disputed by two (or more) countries that are members of the United Nations. This rises to around 25% when the areas and regions where territorial claims are made by two or more parties that do not recognize each other is included, although much of this comes from the Republic of China's claim to mainland China.

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Field Listing - Disputes - international, CIA World Factbook
  2. ^ http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/97/389/551
  3. ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/01/31/news/spain.php
  4. ^ http://www.middle-east-info.org/league/algeria/algeria.htm
  5. ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3120/is_200407/ai_n7779206
  6. ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pwwi/is_199912/ai_mark07990948
  7. ^ Compte rendu du déplacement d'une délégation du groupe interparlementaire France-Afrique centrale au Gabon, en Guinée équatoriale et à Sao Tomé-et-Principe, parliamentary report of the French Senate, 2003.
  8. ^ http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/01/31/news/spain.php
  9. ^ http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/97/389/551
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w The Republic of China (ROC) now based in Taiwan is involved in territorial disputes with many countries near China while not recognized by any of them due to having no diplomatic relations. The ROC recognizes neither the People's Republic of China (PRC) nor its border agreements or treaties with any other countries while Article 4 of the Constitution of the Republic of China states that "The territory of the Republic of China according to its existing national boundaries shall not be altered except by resolution of the National Assembly." Section 5 of Article 4 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China now overrides this provision.
  11. ^ The Democratic People's Republic of Korea administers North Korea, but Article 1 of the [[s:Constitution of North Korea (1972)|]] reads: "The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is an independent socialist State representing the interests of all the Korean people." The Republic of Korea administers South Korea, but Article 3 of the [[s:Constitution of South Korea|]]reads : "The territory of the Republic of Korea shall consist of the Korean peninsula and its adjacent islands."
  12. ^ a b c d The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea (South Korea) do not recognize each other.
  13. ^ Status of Wrangel and Other Arctic Islands U.S. Department of State Fact Sheet on Wrangel Island
  14. ^ a b c d e Relinquished by the People's Republic of China but still claimed by the Republic of China.
  15. ^ Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China, Article 9, Section 2
  16. ^ Constitution of the People's Republic of China, Preamble
  17. ^ Judicial Yuan Interpretation 328 translated by Professor J. P. Fa
  18. ^ (Chinese) Yearbook of the Republic of China 2003 Version (中華民國年鑑『 九十二年版 』): The land of the Mainland Area

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_territorial_disputes"
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