Sources
Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
Submit a site - Become an editor
Wikipedia. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Are you an expert in this subject? Join the discussion and share your knowledge at Wikipedia.org.
List of premiers of China
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| This article or section relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this article by introducing appropriate citations of additional sources. |
This article is a list of the Premiers of China since 1911. According to Chinese historical records, the first premier of China was appointed in about 1130 BC, by First King of Shang Dynasty. Since then, almost every monarch in China had appointed a Premier or Prime Minister to help him to run the administration. This role has been known by several different names, most commonly Chancellor. With the re-unification of China under the Qin Emperor in 221 BC, the power on the premiers' hands was reduced because of the Emperors' intentions of setting up an absolute monarchy. Finally, in 1380, Emperor Hongwu decreed to kill his Chancellor, and never appointed another one in his life. Since this, emperors never appointed any other premiers up to 1911. During much of the Qing Dynasty, the role of premier was carried out collectively by the ministers of the General Command Centre.
The modern creation of Chinese Premiership happened in mid 1911, when the Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" as a "reform" on Chinese politics, shortly before it was overthrown. Since Yuan Shikai take over the premiership, premiers of China played an influential role in Chinese politics.
Premiers are appointed by Presidents, but some premiers were even more powerful than the presidents, during the early age of the Republic of China. Some presidents were even expelled by the premiers they appointed.
The title of premier in China had been changed several times, so this list is divided into several sections.
The Qing Imperial Government created the "Imperial Family Cabinet" in May 1911, in order to appease popular anger and calls for reform. But the formation of Cabinet brought even more disaffection. Soon the Wuchang Uprising forced the Qing government to abolish the cabinet, and instead summon Yuan Shikai to head the government. The imperial government collapsed soon after.
- Yikuang, the Prince Qing (8 May 1911 - 1 November 1911)
- Yuan Shikai (2 November 1911 - 10 March 1912)
According to the Provisional Constitution of Republic of China, which passed in 1912, the leader of the majority party or the majority coalition should be appointed premier by the president.
- Tang Shaoyi (13 March - 27 June 1912)
- Lu Zhengxiang (29 June - 25 September 1912)
- Zhao Bingjun (25 September 1912 - 1 May 1913)
- Duan Qirui (1 May - 31 July 1913) (acting)
- Xiong Xiling (31 July 1913 - 12 February 1914)
- Sun Baoqi (12 February - 1 May 1914) (acting)
- Xu Shichang (1 May 1914 - 22 December 1915)
- Lu Zhengxiang (22 December 1915 - 22 March 1916)(acting) (Hongxian imperial government)
- Xu Shichang (22 March - 23 April 1916)
- Duan Qirui (23 April - 29 June 1916)
- Duan Qirui (29 June 1916 - 23 May 1917) (1st time)
- Wu Tingfang (23 May - 28 May 1917) (acting)
- Li Jingxi (28 May - 1 July 1917) (1st time)
A coup d'etat in order to restore the Qing monarchy occurred on 1 July 1917. The leader of the coup, Zhang Xun, was immediately rewarded the premiership by Emperor Puyi. But Chang was defeated by Duan Qirui on 12 July and the Republic of China restored.
- Duan Qirui (14 July - 22 November 1917) (2nd time)
- Wang Daxie (22 November - 30 November 1917) (1st time, acting)
- Wang Shizhen (30 November 1917 - 20 February 1918) (acting)
- Qian Nengxun (20 February - 23 March 1918) (1st time, acting)
- Duan Qirui (23 March - 10 October 1918) (3rd time)
- Qian Nengxun (10 October 1918 - 13 June 1919) (2nd time, acting)
- Gong Xinzhan (13 June - 24 September 1919) (acting)
- Jin Yunpeng (24 September 1919 - 14 May 1920) (1st time, acting to 5 November 1919)
- Sa Zhenbing (14 May - 9 August 1920)
- Jin Yunpeng (9 August 1920 - 18 December 1921) (2nd time)
- Yan Huiqing (18 December - 24 December 1921) (1st time, acting)
- Liang Shiyi (24 December 1921 - 25 January 1922)
- Yan Huiqing (25 January - 8 April 1922) (2nd time, acting)
- Zhou Ziqi (8 April - 11 June 1922) (acting)
- Yan Huiqing (11 June - 5 August 1922) (3rd time)
- Wang Chonghui (5 August - 29 November 1922) (acting)
- Wang Daxie (29 November - 11 December 1922) (2nd time, acting)
- Wang Zhengting (11 December 1922 - 4 January 1923) (acting)
- Zhang Shaozeng (4 January - 9 September 1923)
- Gao Lingwei (9 September 1923 - 12 January 1924)
- Sun Baoqi (12 January - 2 July 1924) (2nd time)
- Gu Weijun (2 July - 14 September 1924) (acting)
- Yan Huiqing (14 September - 31 October 1924) (4th time)
- Huang Fu (2 November - 24 November 1924) (acting)
Note: The Premiership was abolished from 25 November 1924 to 26 December 1925. The head of the cabinet during this period was Duan Qirui, Provisional Chief Executive of the Republic of China.
- Xu Shiying (26 December 1925 - 4 March 1926)
- Jia Deyao (4 March - 20 April 1926) (acting)
- Hu Weide (20 April - 13 May 1926) (acting)
- Yan Huiqing (13 May - 22 June 1926) (5th time)
- Du Xigui (22 June - 1 October 1926) (acting)
- Gu Weijun (1 October 1926 - 18 June 1927) (2nd time, acting)
- Pan Fu (18 June 1927 - 2 June 1928)
When Chiang Kai-shek established the Nanking Nationalist Government in 1928, he created a presidency for Executive Yuan instead of a premiership, in order to show the difference between his government and the previous one in Beijing (then renamed Beiping). This government moved to Chongqing during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) and at the end of the Chinese Civil War relocated to Taipei where it exists today.
- Tan Yankai (10 October 1928 - 22 September 1930)
- T. V. Soong (22 September 1930 - 4 December 1930)
- Chiang Kai-shek (4 December 1930 - 15 December 1931)
- Chen Mingshu (15 December 1931 - 28 December 1931)
- Sun Fo (28 December 1931 - 28 January 1932)
- Wang Jingwei (28 January 1932 - 7 December 1935)
- Chiang Kai-shek (7 December 1935 - 1 January 1938)
- H. H. Kung (1 January 1938 - 20 November 1939)
- Chiang Kai-shek (20 November 1939 - 31 May 1945)
- T. V. Soong (31 May 1945 - 1 March 1947)
- Chiang Kai-shek (1 March 1947 - 18 April 1947)
- Chang Chun (18 April 1947 - 24 May 1948)
- Wong Wen-hao (24 May 1948 - 26 November 1948)
- Sun Fo (26 November 1948 - 12 March 1949 )
- Ho Ying-chin (12 March 1949 - 3 June 1949)
- Yen Hsi-shan (3 June 1949 - 7 March 1950)
- Chen Cheng (7 March 1950 - 7 June 1954)
- Yü Hung-chün (7 June 1954 - 30 June 1958)
- Chen Cheng (30 June 1958 - 15 December 1963)
- Yen Chia-kan (15 December 1963 - 29 May 1972)
- Chiang Ching-kuo (29 May 1972 - 30 May 1978)
- Sun Yun-suan (30 May 1978 - 20 May 1984)
- Yu Kuo-hwa (20 May 1984 - 21 May 1989)
- Lee Huan (21 May 1989 - 30 May 1990)
- Hau Pei-tsun (30 May 1990 - 10 February 1993)
- Lien Chan (10 February 1993 - 1 September 1997)
- Vincent Siew (1 September 1997 - 20 May 2000)
- Tang Fei (20 May 2000 - 6 October 2000)
- Chang Chun-hsiung (6 October 2000 - 1 February 2002)
- Yu Shyi-kun (1 February 2002 - 1 February 2005)
- Frank Hsieh (1 February 2005–25 January 2006)
- Su Tseng-chang (25 January 2006 – 21 May 2007)
- Chang Chun-hsiung (21 May 2007 - present)
The Premiership of PRC was created since the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
- Zhou Enlai (1 October 1949 - 8 January 1976)
- Hua Guofeng (4 February 1976 10 September 1980)
- Zhao Ziyang (10 September 1980 - 24 November 1987)
- Li Peng (24 November 1987 - 17 March 1998)
- Zhu Rongji (17 March 1998 - 16 March 2003)
- Wen Jiabao (16 March 2003 - present)
- China Online Encyclopedia