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List of people associated with the French Revolution
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a partial list of people associated with the French Revolution, including supporters and opponents. Note that not all people listed here were French.
| Contents: | Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z |
|---|
A |
|
| Charles, comte d'Artois | Younger brother of Louis XVI and one of the first émigrés. |
| Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione | Officer throughout the Revolutionary era and Empire; later a general and Marshal of France. |
B |
|
| François-Noël Babeuf | Proto-socialist, guillotined in 1797 after an attempted coup d'etat. |
| Madame du Barry | Mistress of King Louis XV and famous victim of the Reign of Terror |
| Jean Sylvain Bailly | President of the Third Estate who administered the Tennis Court Oath; made Mayor of Paris after the storming of the Bastille; guillotined during the Reign of Terror. |
| Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras | A Montagnard, then Thermidorian; ultimately the Directory régime's executive leader. |
| Antoine Barnave | Constitutional monarchist and Feuillant. |
| François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy | Briefly a Director; exiled to French Guiana; returned to France during the Empire. |
| Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte | General, Ambassador to Vienna and Minister of War; later King of Sweden and Norway. |
| Joséphine de Beauharnais | Empress; wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. |
| Louis Alexandre Berthier | General; effectively Napoleon Bonaparte's chief of staff. |
| Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne | Committee of Public Safety member; survived 9 Thermidor; later deported to French Guiana. |
| Joseph Bonaparte | Eldest Bonaparte brother; supported his brother Napoleon; later made King of Naples and then Spain. |
| Lucien Bonaparte | Younger brother of Napoleon; President of the Assembly during the Directory; later fell out with Napoleon. |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | General; seized power as First Consul in the 18 Brumaire coup. |
| Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duc d'Enghien | Prince of the Blood; son of the Duc de Bourbon; kidnapped and executed by Napoleon. |
| Louis Henri, duc de Bourbon | Prince of the Blood, son of the Prince de Condé and father of the Duc d'Enghien; emigrated. |
| Louis de Breteuil | Royalist; briefly supplanted Necker in the royal cabinet. |
| Cardinal Étienne Charles de Brienne | Royalist; President of the Royal Council of Finances shortly before the Revolution. |
| Jacques Pierre Brissot de Warville | Girondist (Brissotin); guillotined. |
| Guillaume Marie Anne Brune | political journalist; Jacobin; friend of Georges Danton; appointed a general, then Marshal of France; murdered by royalists during the White Terror. |
| Edmund Burke | English philosopher and politician; author of famous 1790 polemic against the Revolution. |
C |
|
| Charles Alexandre de Calonne | French Controller-General of Finances from 1783 to 1787, whose discovery of the perilous state of French finances in 1786 precipitated the crisis leading to the Revolution. |
| Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès | Moderate; Second Consul under Bonaparte; chief contributor to the Napoleonic Code. |
| Pierre Joseph Cambon | Legislative and the Convention member; directed French financial policy and aided in the Thermidor coup. |
| Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot | Mathematician; physicist; Committee of Public Safety member; "Organizer of Victory"; turned against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor; a Director; ousted in 18 Fructidor coup. |
| Louis Philippe, duc de Chartres | Eldest son of the Duke of Orleans; defected to Austria with Dumouriez in 1793; later King of France. |
| Pierre Gaspard Chaumette | Cult of Reason devotee; guillotined alongside fellow devotee Jacques Hébert. |
| André Chénier | Poet; guillotined. |
| Étienne Clavière | Girondist; finance minister 1792; died in prison 1793. |
| Anacharsis Cloots | Philosopher and writer; guillotined. |
| Jean Marie Collot d'Herbois | Actor; Paris Commune member; belated Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; deported to French Guiana after 9 Thermidor revolt, where he died. |
| Louis Joseph de Bourbon | Prince of the Blood; composed Brunswick Manifesto. |
| Marquis de Condorcet | Philosopher; mathematician; Girondist associate; died in prison. |
| Louis François de Bourbon | Prince of the Blood; briefly emigrated from 1789-1790, but returned to France; expelled by Directory; died in exile. |
| Charlotte Corday | Assassinated Marat. |
| Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | Scientist; metric system pioneer. |
| Georges Couthon | Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; guillotined following 9 Thermidor. |
D |
|
| Georges Danton | Writer; Jacobin, but neither a Girondist nor a Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; guillotined. |
| Pierre Claude François Daunou | Historian; loosely associated with the Girondists faction; served both Directory and Empire. |
| Jacques Louis David | Painter; Montagnard; Committee of General Security member; survived fall from power following 9 Thermidor. |
| Louis Charles Antoine Desaix | General; killed while leading the French to victory during the Battle of Marengo (1800). |
| Camille Desmoulins | Journalist; Montagnard; Danton associate; guillotined. |
| Denis Diderot | Enlightenment author; atheist philosopher; influenced Revolutionary theory. |
| Jacques François Dugommier | General; National Convention deputy. |
| Charles François Dumouriez | General; sometime Girondist and Foreign Minister in the Girondist cabinet; eventually defected to Austria. |
E |
|
| Grace Elliott | Scottish courtesan; former mistress of Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans; resident in Paris throughout the Revolution. |
F |
|
| Fabre d'Églantine | Author of the French Revolutionary Calendar. |
| Joseph Fesch | Cardinal; closely associated with Napoleon Bonaparte. |
| Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville | Public Prosecutor during the Reign of Terror; subsequently guillotined. |
G |
|
| Olympe de Gouges | Writer; advocate of gender equality; guillotined. |
| Henri Grégoire | Revolutionary priest; supported Civil Constitution of the Clergy. |
H |
|
| Jacques Hébert | Polemicist; editor of Le Père Duchesne; guillotined. |
| Marie Jean Hérault | Committee of Public Safety member; revised Condorcet's Constitution of 1793; Danton associate; guillotined. |
| Lazare Hoche | Soldier rapidly promoted to General during early years of Revolution. |
I |
|
J |
|
| Jean-Baptiste Jourdan | General; victor at the battles of Wattignies and Fleurus. |
K |
|
| François Christophe Kellermann | Promoted to General early in the Revolution; Battle of Valmy hero; Marshal of France; army administrator during Empire years. |
| Jean-Baptiste Kléber | Revolutionary general; assassinated. |
L |
|
| Pierre Choderlos de Laclos | Bonapartist general; author of Les Liaisons dangereuses |
| Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette | General; constitutional monarchist. |
| Marie Thérèse, princesse de Lamballe | Friend of Marie Antoinette; victim of the September Massacres. |
| Alexandre-Théodore, comte de Lameth | Leading Feuillant; formed "Triumvirate" with Barnave and Duport; eventually emigrated. |
| Charles Malo François Lameth | Brother of Alexandre de Lameth; Feuillant; emigrated. |
| Jean Lannes | Soldier rising through ranks to become general; Marshal of France; close to Bonaparte. |
| Antoine Lavoisier | Scientist; metric pioneer; tax collector; guillotined. |
| Charles Leclerc | General; close to Bonaparte; served in Haiti. |
| Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau | former noble; voted to execute Louis XVI; assassinated. |
| Jacques-Donatien Le Ray | Promoted French support for the American Revolution; émigré during French Revolution. |
| Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet | Committee of Public Safety member; opposed Girondist faction. |
| Louis XVI of France | French king at outbreak of Revolution; deposed; guillotined. |
| Louis XVII of France | The "Lost Dauphin" |
M |
|
| Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes | Louis XVI's defense counsel at his trial, although not known as a royalist. |
| Marie Antoinette | Queen consort of France; deposed, guillotined |
| Jean-Paul Marat | Radical journalist; Montagnard; assassinated by Charlotte Corday. |
| François-Séverin Marceau | Soldier who participated in the storming of the Bastille; later a general. |
| André Masséna | General; victor at the Battle of Zürich. |
| Jean-Sifrein Maury | French cardinal; Archbishop of Paris; royalist. |
| Philippe-Antoine Merlin ("Merlin de Douai") |
Director; later a Bonapartist. |
| Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau ("Mirabeau") |
Represented the Third Estate in the Estates-General of 1789, despite being a noble; remained a major political figure throughout the rest of his life. |
| Charles, baron de Montesquieu ("Montesquieu") |
Enlightenment political philosopher; influenced Revolutionary thinking |
| Jean Victor Marie Moreau | General; victor at the Battle of Hohenlinden. |
| Joachim Murat | Prominent cavalry general; became Napoleon's brother-in-law; later made King of Naples. |
N |
|
| Jacques Necker | Liberal royalist; Director-General of Finance whose dismissal precipitated the storming of the Bastille. |
O |
|
| Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans | First Prince of the Blood; supported the Revolution, taking the name Philippe Egalité; voted to execute his cousin the King; later guillotined on suspicion of plotting to become King. |
P |
|
| Thomas Paine | American revolutionary writer; moved to France during French Revolution but subsequently fell out of favor; arrested, imprisoned and sentenced to death during Reign of Terror, but survived. |
| Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve | Insurrectionary mayor of Paris; member of first Committee of Public Safety; associated with Girondists; committed suicide during Reign of Terror. |
| Pierre Phélippeaux | Montagnard; Danton associate. |
| Philippe Egalité | See Orléans, Louis Philippe II, duc d' above. |
| Pierre Samuel de Nemours | Constitutional monarchist; National Constituent Assembly president; eventually exiled. |
| Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois ("Prieur de la Côte-d'Or") |
Engineer; Committee of Public Safety member; Carnot associate; turned against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor; Council of Five Hundred member during Directory. |
| Pierre Louis Prieur ("Crieur de la Marne") |
National Constituent Assembly secretary; Committee of Public Safety member; exiled following Bourbon Restoration. |
| Louis, comte de Provence | Louis XVI's younger brother; emigrated 1791; declared himself Louis XVIII, King of France in 1795, but not recognized until 1814. |
Q |
|
R |
|
| Maximilien Robespierre | Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; prominent during Reign of Terror; guillotined after 9 Thermidor. |
| Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière | Girondist; interior minister in 1792; committed suicide in 1793 following his wife's condemnation. |
| Madame Roland (Manon-Jeanne Roland, née Philpon) |
Jean-Marie Roland's wife; author of influential Revolutionary writings under Roland's name; salonière; guillotined. |
| Gilbert Romme | Initially a Girondist politician, then Montagnard; designed French Republican Calendar; condemned after Girondists' return to power; committed suicide before execution. |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Enlightenment political philosopher; influenced Revolutionary thinking. |
| Jacques Roux | Hébertist leader of the Enragés faction; member of Paris Commune; arrested during Reign of Terror; committed suicide before trial. |
S |
|
| Marquis de Sade | Author of erotica and philosophy; imprisoned on charges of sodomy and poisoning at the outbreak of the Revolution; released 1790; elected to the National Convention; escaped execution during the Reign of Terror. |
| Jean Bon Saint-André | Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; later became a naval officer and administrator. |
| Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just | Committee of Public Safety member; Montagnard; close associate of Robespierre; prominent in Reign of Terror; guillotined after 9 Thermidor. |
| Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès | Although a cleric, entered the Estates-General of 1789 as a representative of the Third Estate; author of pamphlet What is the Third Estate?; instigated the 18 Brumaire coup, but outflanked by Bonaparte. |
| Madame de Staël | daughter of Jacques Necker; salonière and writer; adopted moderate Revolutionary position; opposed Napoleon. |
T |
|
| Jean Lambert Tallien | Montagnard; later a leading Thermidorian. |
| Madame Tallien (Thérésa Tallien, née Teresa Cabarrús) |
Her moderating influence on her husband Jean Lambert Tallien saved lives in the wake of 9 Thermidor, earning her the moniker Notre-Dame de Thermidor ("Our Lady of Thermidor"). |
| Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord ("Talleyrand") |
Clergyman and diplomat; initially a royalist, then revolutionary; co-wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy; survived 9 Thermidor to become Foreign Minister under Directory, Bonaparte and the Bourbon Restoration. |
| Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target | Lawyer and politician; deputy of the Third Estate in the Estates-General of 1789; survived Reign of Terror to become Directory politician. |
U |
|
V |
|
| Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud | Girondist leader; guillotined. |
| Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac | Girondist, then Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; drew up 9 Thermidor report outlawing Robespierre; later a Bonapartist. |
| Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) |
Enlightenment author and philosopher whose writings influenced Revolutionary thinking. |