List of national governments

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This is a list of the offices of heads of state and heads of government, and cabinets, by country. Date of Origin refers to most recent fundamental change in form of government, for example independence, change from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy, revolution, new constitution.

Country Head of State Head of Government Cabinet Date of Origin
Afghanistan President Cabinet of Ministers 2004
Albania President Prime Minister Cabinet 1991
Algeria President Prime Minister Council of Ministers 1989
Andorra Co-Princes Executive Council President Executive Council 1278
Angola President Ministers 1981
Antigua and Barbuda Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Council of Ministers 1981
Argentina President Cabinet 1983
Armenia President Prime Minister Cabinet 1995
Australia Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet 1901
Austria President Chancellor Cabinet 1945
Azerbaijan President Prime Minister Cabinet of Ministers 1918
Bahamas Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet 1973
Bahrain King Prime Minister Cabinet 2002
Bangladesh President Prime Minister Cabinet 1972
Barbados Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet 1966
Belarus President Prime Minister Council of Ministers 1994
Belgium King Prime Minister Cabinet 1831
Belize Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet 1981
Benin President Cabinet 1990
Bhutan King Prime Minister Council of Ministers 1952
Bolivia President Cabinet 1982
Bosnia and Herzegovina President Chairman of the Council of Ministers Council of Ministers 1996
Botswana President Cabinet 1966
Brazil President Cabinet 1988
Brunei Sultan Prime Minister Cabinet 1991
Bulgaria President Prime Minister Cabinet 1991
Burkina Faso President Prime Minister Cabinet 1992
Burundi President Council of Ministers 1998
Cambodia King Prime Minister Cabinet 1993
Cameroon President Cabinet 1992
Canada Queen/Governor General1 Prime Minister Cabinet 1867
Cape Verde President Prime Minister Cabinet 1992
Central African Republic President Prime Minister Cabinet 2003
Chad President Prime Minister Cabinet 1996
Chile President Cabinet 1980
China, People's Republic of President Premier of the State Council State Council 1982
China, Republic of President President of the Executive Yuan Executive Yuan 1947
Colombia President Council of Ministers 1991
Comoros President Government 2002
Congo, Democratic Republic of President Prime Minister Government 2006
Congo, Republic of President Prime Minister Cabinet 2002
Costa Rica President Government 1949
Côte d'Ivoire President Prime Minister Government 2000
Croatia President President of the Government Government 1990
Cuba President of the Council of State President of the Council of Ministers Council of Ministers 1976
Cyprus President Council of Ministers 1960
Czech Republic President Prime Minister Cabinet 1992
Denmark Queen State Minister Cabinet 1953
Djibouti President Prime Minister Council of Ministers 1992
Dominica President Prime Minister Cabinet 1978
Dominican Republic President Cabinet 1994
East Timor President Prime Minister Council of State 2002
Ecuador President Cabinet
Egypt President Prime Minister Government
El Salvador President Council of Ministers
Estonia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Fiji President Prime Minister Cabinet
Finland President Prime Minister Council of State 1919
France President Prime Minister Government
Georgia President Prime Minister Cabinet of Georgia
Germany President Chancellor Cabinet
Greece President Prime Minister Cabinet
Grenada Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet
Guatemala President Council of Ministers
Guyana President Prime Minister Cabinet
Haiti President Prime Minister Cabinet
Honduras President Cabinet
Hungary President Prime Minister Cabinet
Iceland President Prime Minister Cabinet 1944
India President Prime Minister Cabinet 1949
Indonesia President Cabinet
Italy President President of the Council of Ministers Council of Ministers
Iraq President Prime Minister Council of Ministers 2005
Republic of Ireland President Taoiseach Government
Israel President Prime Minister Cabinet 1948
Jamaica Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet
Japan Emperor Prime Minister Cabinet
Kazakhstan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Kyrgyzstan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Latvia President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Liechtenstein Prince Head of Government Government
Lithuania President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Luxembourg Grand Duke Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Republic of Macedonia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Malaysia Yang di-Pertuan Agong Prime Minister Cabinet
Malta President Prime Minister Cabinet
Mexico President Cabinet
Moldova President Prime Minister Cabinet
Monaco Prince Minister of State Council of Government
Mongolia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Montenegro President Prime Minister Cabinet
New Zealand Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet
Netherlands Queen Prime Minister Cabinet
Nicaragua President Council of Ministers
North Korea Chairman of the National Defense Commission2 Premier Government 1998
Northern Cyprus President Prime Minister Government 1985
Norway King Prime Minister Government
Panama President Cabinet
Paraguay President Cabinet
Peru President Council of Ministers
Philippines President Cabinet
Poland President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Portugal President Prime Minister Cabinet
Romania President Prime Minister Council of Ministers (Guvern)
Russia President Prime Minister Cabinet 1991
Saint Kitts and Nevis Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet
Saint Lucia Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Queen/Governor-General1 Prime Minister Cabinet
San Marino Captains Regent Congress of State
Serbia President Prime Minister Cabinet 1804
Slovakia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Slovenia President Prime Minister Cabinet
Solomon Islands Queen/Governor-General Prime Minister Cabinet
South Korea President Prime Minister Government
Spain King President of the Government Council of Ministers 1978
Suriname President Cabinet
Sweden King Prime Minister Government 1876
Switzerland Federal Council
Taiwan For the nation which is often referred to as "Taiwan", see " China, Republic of "
Tajikistan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Trinidad and Tobago President Prime Minister Cabinet
Turkey President Prime Minister Cabinet
Turkmenistan President Cabinet
Ukraine President Prime Minister Cabinet of the Ministers 1991
United Kingdom Queen Prime Minister Cabinet 1801
United States President Cabinet 1789
Uruguay President Council of Ministers
Uzbekistan President Prime Minister Council of Ministers
Vatican City Pope President of the Governorate Governorate 2001
Venezuela President Council of Ministers
Vietnam President Prime Minister Government
Zimbabwe President Cabinet

1 In Commonwealth Realms other than the UK, the Governor-General represents Queen Elizabeth II who is the official head of state.
2 Kim Jong-il, as Chairman of the National Defense Commission is considered North Korea's "highest administrative authority". However, Kim Yong-nam, as President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly does many of the duties of a Head of State. Deceased former North Korean ruler Kim Il-sung is listed as the Eternal President of the Republic

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