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List of essential oils
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Essential oils are plant oils extracted by distillation. The principal uses of essential oils are as flavoring agents, and medical and aromatherapy applications. Essential oils should not be confused with macerated oils[1], where plant materials are infused in a base oil. Tarragon oil, for example, is oil distilled from the tarragon plant. Tarragon leaves in olive oil are sometimes used in cooking, and can also be called tarragon oil.
- Agar oil, distilled from Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). Highly prized for its fragrance.[2]
- Ajwain oil, distilled from the leaves of Bishop’s weed (Carum Copticum). Oil contains 35-60% thymol. [3]
- Angelica root oil, distilled from the Angelica archangelica.[4]
- Anise oil, from the Pimpinella anisum, rich odor of licorice, used medicinally.[5]
- Balsam oil, from the Myroxylon pereirae.[6]
- Basil oil is used in making perfumes, as well as in aromatherapy
- Bergamot oil, used in aromatherapy and in perfumes.
- Black Pepper
- Buchu oil, made from the buchu shrub. Considered toxic and no longer widely used. Formerly used medicinally.
- Cannabis flower essential oil, used as a flavoring in foods, primarily candy and beverages. Also used as a scent in perfumes, cosmetics, soaps, and candles. [7]
- Caraway oil, used a flavoring in foods. Also used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, etc. as a flavoring agent. [8]
- Cardamom seed oil, used in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. Extracted from seeds of subspecies of Zingiberaceae (ginger). Also used as a fragrance in soaps, perfumes, etc. [9]
- Carrot seed oil (essential oil), used in aromatherapy.
- Cedarwood oil, primarily used in perfumes and fragrances. [10]
- Chamomile oil, used medicinally and in aromatherapy.
- Cinnamon oil, used for flavoring.
- Cistus
- Citronella oil, from a plant related to lemon grass is used as an insect repellent, as well as medicinally.
- Clary Sage
- Clove leaf oil, used as a topical anesthetic to relieve dental pain.
- Coriander
- Costmary oil (bible leaf oil), from the Tanacetum balsamita[11] [12]
- Cranberry seed oil, equally high in omega-3 omega-6 fatty acids, primarily used in the cosmetic industry.
- Cumin oil/Black seed oil, used as a flavor, particularly in meat products. Also used in veterinary medicine.
- Cypress
- Davana oil, from the Artemisia pallens, used as a perfume ingredient and as a germicide.[13]
- Dill oil, chemically almost identical to caraway seed oil. High carvone content.
- Eucalyptus oil, historically used as a germicide. Commonly used in cough medicine, among other medicinal uses. [14]
- Fennel seed oil, used medicinally, particularly for treating colic in infants.
- Fenugreek oil, used medicinally and for cosmetics from ancient times.
- Fir
- Frankincense oil, used for aromatherapy and in perfumes.
- Galbanum
- Geranium oil, used medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy.
- Ginger oil, used medicinally in many cultures.
- Goldenrod
- Grapefruit oil, extracted from the peel of the fruit. Used in aromatherapy. Contains 90% limonene. [15]
- Henna oil, used medicinally. [16]
- Helichrysum
- Hyssop
- Idaho Tansy
- Jasmine oil, used for its flowery fragrance.
- Juniper berry oil, used as a flavor. Also used medicinally, including traditional medicine.
- Laurus nobilis
- Lavender oil, used primarily as a fragrance. Also used medicinally. [17]
- Ledum
- Lemon oil, similar in fragrance to the fruit. Unlike other essential oils, lemon oil is usually cold pressed. Used medicinally, as an antiseptic, and in cosmetics.[18]
- Lemongrass
- Litsea cubeba oil, lemon-like scent, often used in perfumes and aromatherapy.
- Marjoram
- Melaleuca See Tea tree oil
- Melissa oil (Lemon balm), sweet smelling oil used primarily medicinally, particularly in aromatherapy.
- Mentha arvensis oil/Mint oil, used in flavoring toothpastes, mouthwashes and pharmaceuticals, as well as in aromatherapy and other medicinal applications. [19]
- Mountain Savory
- Mugwort oil, used in ancient times for medicinal and magical purposes. Currently considered to be a neurotoxin. [20]
- Mustard oil (essential oil), containing a high percentage of allyl isothiocyanate or other isothiocyanates, depending on the species of mustard
- Myrrh oil, warm, slightly musty smell. Used medicinally.
- Myrtle
- Nutmeg
- Orange oil, like lemon oil, cold pressed rather than distilled. Consists of 90% d-Limonene. Used as a fragrance, in cleaning products and in flavoring foods.[21]
- Oregano oil, contains thymol and carvacrol, making it a useful fungicide. Also used to treat digestive problems. [22]
- Orris oil is extracted from the roots of the Florentine iris (Iris florentina) and used as a flavouring agent, in perfume, and medicinally.[23]
- Palo Santo
- Parsley oil, used in soaps, detergents, colognes, cosmetics and perfumes, especially men’s fragrances. [24]
- Patchouli oil, very common ingredient in perfumes.
- Perilla essential oil, extracted from the leaves of the perilla plant. Contains about 50-60% perillaldehyde.
- Pennyroyal oil, highly toxic. An abortifacient and can even in small quantities cause acute liver and lung damage. [25]
- Peppermint oil, used in a wide variety of medicinal applications.
- Petitgrain
- Pine oil, used as a disinfectant, and in aromatherapy.
- Ravensara
- Red Cedar
- Roman Chamomile
- Rose oil, distilled from rose petals, Used primarily as a fragrance.
- Rosehip oil, distilled from the seeds of the Rosa rubiginosa or Rosa Mosqueta. Used medicinally.
- Rosemary oil, distilled from the flowers of Rosmarinus officinalis. Used in aromatherapy, topically to sooth muscles, and medicinal for its antibacterial and antifungal properties. [26]
- Rosewood oil, used primarily for skin care applications. Also used medicinally.
- Sage oil, used medicinally.
- Sandalwood oil, used primarily as a fragrance, for its pleasant, woody fragrance.[27]
- Sassafras oil, from sassafras root bark. Used in aromatherapy, soap-making, perfumes, and the like. Formerly used as a spice, and as the primary flavoring of root beer, inter alia.
- Savory oil, from Satureja species. Used in aromatherapy, cosmetic and soap-making applications.
- Schisandra oil, from the Schisandra chinensis, used medicinally. [28]
- Spearmint oil, often used in flavoring mouthwash and chewing gum, among other applications.[29]
- Spikenard
- Spruce
- Star anise oil, highly fragrant oil using in cooking. Also used in perfumery and soaps, has been used in toothpastes, mouthwashes, and skin creams.[30] 90% of the world's star anise crop is used in the manufacture of Tamiflu, a drug used to treat avian flu
- Tangerine
- Tarragon oil, distilled from Artemisia dracunculus, used medicinally.
- Tea tree oil, used medicinally.
- Thyme oil, used medicinally.
- Tsuga
- Valerian
- Vetiver oil (khus oil) a thick, amber oil, primarily from India. Used as a fixative in perfumery, and in aromatherapy.
- Western red cedar
- Wintergreen
- Yarrow oil is used medicinally, to relieve joint pain
- Ylang-ylang
- Hippylife lists the plant source, means of extraction, aroma, and medicinal uses of about 35 essential oils.
- J. Lawless, 1995. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils. Elements Books. In depth information on over 160 essential oils.
- Natural Living Org A-Z of Essential oils. Has short writeups on about 25 essential oils.
- ^ Herbal macerated oils.
- ^ Agar. Nagaon. Retrieved on November 17, 2006.
- ^ Ajwain Essential Oil, from the EssentialOil.in Web site, which sells essential oils.
- ^ Angelica Root. Hippylife. Retrieved on August 17, 2006.
- ^ Anise. Hippylife. Retrieved on August 17, 2006.
- ^ Balsam, Peru. Hippylife. Retrieved on August 17, 2006.
- ^ Hemp: A New Crop with New Uses for North America, from the Purdue University NewCROP Web site.
- ^ Caraway oil, from the Victoria, Australia Department of Primary Industries Web site.
- ^ Cardamom Oleoresin, from the EssentialOil.in Web site, which sells essential oils.
- ^ Common Uses of Cedarwood Oil from the Texarome Web site. Texarome manufactures essential oils from cedarwood, sandalwood, vetiver and lime.
- ^ Costmary: A Historical and Useful herb. Retrieved on August 5, 2006.
- ^ Costmary Oil. Retrieved on August 5, 2006.
- ^ Davana oil. The Good Scents Company. Retrieved on November 17, 2006.
- ^ Eucalyptus oil, from the Whole Health MD Web site.
- ^ About Grapefruit Essential Oil, from the FrontierCoop Web site
- ^ Shamana Fragrances, from the EssentialOil.in Web site. Description of henna, and their henna oil product (branded Shamana Perfume Oil).
- ^ Julia Lawless (1994). Lavendar oil. HarperCollins.
- ^ Lemon Essential Oil, from the FrontierCoop Web site
- ^ Mentha Arvensis Oil, from the Web page of the Nepalese company Natural Resources Industry
- ^ Mugwort oil (Artemisia vulgaris), from the EssentialOils Web site (which sells essential oils).
- ^ Orange Oil Applications from the Florida Chemical Web site. Florida Chemical sells citrus oils.
- ^ Oregano oil, from the Whole Health MD Web site.
- ^ Orris oil. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved on November 20, 2006.
- ^ Parsley Herb, from the Essential 7 Web site. (Essential 7 sells essential oils).
- ^ Pennyroyal oil (Mentha pulegium), from the EssentialOils Web site
- ^ Rosemary, from the Whole Health MD Web site.
- ^ FAO. "Sandalwood oil", Flavours and fragances of plant origin. Retrieved on July 25, 2006.
- ^ Schisandra chinensis, from the Natural Elixer Web site
- ^ Spearmint Oil from the AromaticOil.com Web site. AromaticOil is an Indian company that manufactures aromatic and essential oils and related products.
- ^ J.E. Simon, A.F. Chadwick and L.E. Craker (1984). "Anise", Herbs: An Indexed Bibliography. , cited on the Purdue Center for New Crops Web site