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List of Canadian national parks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The National Parks of Canada preserve both spectacular and representative areas of the country, located in every one of the nation's 13 provinces and territories. They are administered by Parks Canada, which also manages 157 National Historic Sites, not listed here.
This list includes the country's two National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs), the lone National Landmark, and seven National Park Reserves. A recent initiative of the national park service, NMCAs join all other sites on this list, along with the national historic sites, to comprise the national park system.
Contents |
This list includes the 36 national parks as of Feb. 2007.
| Name | Location | Area (km²) | Year Estab'd | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glacier | British Columbia | 1,349 | 1886 | |
| Kootenay | British Columbia | 1,406 | 1920 | World Heritage Site unit |
| Mount Revelstoke | British Columbia | 260 | 1914 | |
| Yoho | British Columbia | 1,313 | 1886 | World Heritage Site unit |
| Banff | Alberta | 6,641 | 1885 | First National Park in Canada. The Cave and Basin hot springs were set aside as a public park in 1885, greatly enlarged and renamed Rocky Mountains Park in 1887; renamed Banff National Park in 1930. World Heritage Site unit. |
| Elk Island | Alberta | 194 | 1913 | |
| Jasper | Alberta | 10,878 | 1907 | World Heritage Site unit |
| Waterton Lakes | Alberta/Montana | 505 | 1895 | Part of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, a World Heritage Site. |
| Wood Buffalo | Alberta/Northwest Territories | 44,807 | 1922 | World Heritage Site |
| Grasslands | Saskatchewan | 907 | 1981 | |
| Prince Albert | Saskatchewan | 3,874 | 1927 | |
| Riding Mountain | Manitoba | 2,973 | 1929 | |
| Wapusk | Manitoba | 11,475 | 1996 | |
| Bruce Peninsula | Ontario | 154 | 1987 | |
| St. Lawrence Islands | Ontario | 9 | 1914 | First national park in the East. |
| Point Pelee | Ontario | 15 | 1918 | |
| Georgian Bay Islands | Ontario | 13 | 1929 | |
| Pukaskwa | Ontario | 1,878 | 1978 | |
| Forillon | Quebec | 244 | 1970 | |
| La Mauricie | Quebec | 536 | 1970 | |
| Fundy | New Brunswick | 206 | 1948 | |
| Kouchibouguac | New Brunswick | 239 | 1969 | |
| Prince Edward Island | Prince Edward Island | 22 | 1937 | |
| Cape Breton Highlands | Nova Scotia | 949 | 1936 | |
| Kejimkujik | Nova Scotia | 404 | 1968 | |
| Gros Morne | Newfoundland and Labrador | 1,805 | 1973 | World Heritage Site |
| Terra Nova | Newfoundland and Labrador | 400 | 1957 | |
| Ivvavik | Yukon | 10,168 | 1984 | Established as Northern Yukon National Park in 1984, renamed Ivvavik National Park in 1992. First national park established as a result of a land claim agreement with its natives. |
| Kluane | Yukon | 22,013 | 1972 | Kluane National Park Reserve was established in 1972. Subsequently, a large eastern portion of the Reserve became Kluane National Park. World Heritage Site unit. |
| Vuntut | Yukon | 4,345 | 1995 | |
| Aulavik | Northwest Territories | 12,200 | 1992 | |
| Tuktut Nogait | Northwest Territories | 16,340 | 1996 | |
| Auyuittuq | Nunavut | 21,471 | 2001 | |
| Quttinirpaaq | Nunavut | 37,775 | 2001 | Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve was established in 1988, renamed Quttinirpaaq National Park on Feb. 19, 2001, with passage of the new National Parks Act. |
| Sirmilik | Nunavut | 22,200 | 2001 | |
| Ukkusiksalik | Nunavut | 20,500 | 2003 |
A total of 260,468 km² are protected in national parks throughout Canada.
| Name | Location | Area (km²) | Established |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fathom Five National Marine Park | Ontario | 112 | 1987 |
| Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park | Quebec | 1,138 | 1998 |
These areas have been set aside with the intention of becoming national parks, pending the settlement of native land claims. Until then, they are managed as national parks under the National Parks Act.
| Name | Location | Area (km²) | Designated | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gulf Islands National Park Reserve | British Columbia | 33 | 2003 | |
| Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site | British Columbia | 1,495 | 1988 | South Moresby National Park Reserve was created July 12, 1988, with the signing of the South Moresby Agreement; renamed Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site on February 28, 1996. Includes SGaang Gwaii (Anthony Island) World Heritage Site. |
| Pacific Rim National Park Reserve | British Columbia | 511 | 1970 | |
| Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve | Newfoundland and Labrador | 9,600 | 2005 | |
| Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve | Quebec | 151 | 1984 | |
| Kluane National Park Reserve | Yukon Territory | 22,013 | 1976 | Kluane National Park Reserve was established in 1972. Subsequently, a large eastern portion of the Reserve became Kluane National Park. World Heritage Site unit |
| Nahanni National Park Reserve | Northwest Territories | 4,766 | 1976 | World Heritage Site |
| Name | Location | Area (km²) | Established |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pingo National Landmark | Northwest Territories | 16 | 1984 |
- Glacier National Park
- Gulf Islands National Park Reserve
- Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site
- Kootenay National Park
- Mount Revelstoke National Park
- Pacific Rim National Park Reserve
- Yoho National Park
- Banff National Park
- Elk Island National Park
- Jasper National Park
- Waterton Lakes National Park
- Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta & Northwest Territories)
- Bruce Peninsula National Park
- Fathom Five National Marine Park (a National Marine Conservation Area)
- Georgian Bay Islands National Park
- Point Pelee National Park
- Pukaskwa National Park
- St. Lawrence Islands National Park
- Forillon National Park
- La Mauricie National Park
- Mingan Archipelago National Park Reserve
- Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park (a National Marine Conservation Area)
- Aulavik National Park
- Nahanni National Park Reserve
- Tuktut Nogait National Park
- Wood Buffalo National Park (Alberta & Northwest Territories)
- Pingo National Landmark
- Auyuittuq National Park
- Quttinirpaaq National Park
- Sirmilik National Park
- Ukkusiksalik National Park
- Buffalo National Park
- Wawaskesy National Park
- Nemiskam National Park
- Menissawok National Park
- Vidal's Point / Katepwa National Park
Land in four areas has been withdrawn for future national parks:
- Tuktut Nogait in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut (to expand the existing Tuktut Nogait National Park in the Northwest Territories.)
- The east arm of Great Slave Lake in Northwest Territories
- Torngat Mountains (included in the Torngat Mountains National Park Reserve)
- Northern Bathurst Island
Parks Canada is considering another four areas for future national parks[2]:
- Wolf Lake in Yukon
- South Okanagan-Lower Similkameen in British Columbia (as a National Park Reserve)[3]
- Manitoba Lowlands (north-western Lake Winnipeg)
- Mealey Mountains in Labrador
In addition, the park service is pursuing creation of Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area Reserve, in the B.C. waters surrounding the existing National Park Reserve.[4] Local information sessions were held in early 2007, and consultation with stakeholders (commercial fishers, tour companies, the Haida, and local residents) is to begin later in the year.[5] The area would become the only NMCA Reserve, and presumably be managed as if it were a full NMCA, pending local marine/land claims.
One proposed NMCA includes a western section of Lake Superior, in Ontario.[6] The Southern Strait of Georgia, in the B.C. waters surrounding the existing Gulf Islands NPR, is being proposed as an NMCA Reserve, like Gwaii Haanas.[7]
In addition to national parks, a National Landmarks program was foreseen in the 1970s and 1980s, but has not yet been established beyond a single property. Landmarks were intended to protect specific natural features considered "outstanding, exceptional, unique, or rare to this country. These natural features would typically be isolated entities and of scientific interest."[8]
To date, only one landmark has been established—Pingo National Landmark—in the Northwest Territories. Another was proposed at the same time (1984)—Nelson Head National Landmark—on the southern tip of Banks Island, also in the NWT. It was to include some 70 square miles, 25 miles of coastline, and protect the sea cliffs at Nelson Head and Cape Lambton. Durham Heights were to be included, which reach an elevation of 2,450 feet. The legislation providing for the Landmark required a formal request be made by the Minister of the Environment within 10 years (until 1994).[9] None was ever made.
Provincial parks are administered and funded by the provincial governments, however some provincial parks are categorized as national parks (Category II) under the IUCN's Protected Area Management Categories.
- List of Canadian provincial parks
- List of Alberta provincial parks
- List of British Columbia provincial parks
- List of Ontario Parks (national and provincial)
- List of Quebec national parks (provincial parks in Quebec are called "national" parks by the provincial government)
- National landmarks
- ^ An Act to establish "Algonquin National Park of Ontario" was passed by the Ontario Legislature, May 23, 1893 (56 Vic.,c.8). However, the park has always been under the jurisdiction of the provincial government, so its national park status was in name only, and that was changed in 1913, when it became Algonquin Provincial Park.
- ^ Parks Canada (November 2006). Completing Canada's National Parks System. Retrieved on February 27, 2007.
- ^ Parks Canada (November 2006). South Okanagan–Lower Similkameen National Park Reserve Feasibility Study. Retrieved on February 27, 2007.
- ^ Map of the proposed Gwaii Haanas NMCA Reserve with further links.
- ^ Drue Kendrick, Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site. Letter of March 6, 2007.
- ^ Map of the proposed Lake Superior NMCA with further links.
- ^ Map of the proposed Southern Strait of Georgia NMCA Reserve with further links.
- ^ Pingo National Landmark management—Parks Canada
- ^ The Inuvialuit Final Agreement (Sec. 7 (77-81))
- Parks Canada
- National Parks (Parks Canada site)
- National Marine Conservation Areas (Parks Canada site)
- World Heritage Sites in Canada
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|---|---|---|
| National parks | Aulavik • Auyuittuq • Banff • Bruce Peninsula • Cape Breton Highlands • Elk Island • Forillon • Fundy • Georgian Bay Islands • Glacier • Grasslands • Gros Morne • Ivvavik • Jasper • Kejimkujik • Kluane • Kootenay • Kouchibouguac • La Mauricie • Mount Revelstoke • Point Pelee • Prince Edward Island • Pukaswa • Prince Albert • Quttinirpaaq • Riding Mountain • Sirmilik • St. Lawrence Islands • Terra Nova • Tuktut Nogait • Ukkusiksalik • Vuntut • Wapusk • Waterton Lakes • Wood Buffalo • Yoho |
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| National Park Reserves | Gulf Islands • Gwaii Haanas • Pacific Rim • Torngat Mountains • Mingan Archipelago • Kluane • Nahanni • Tuktut Nogait | |
| Marine Conservation | Fathom Five • Saguenay-St. Lawrence | |
