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This is a list of languages that have been written in the Cyrillic alphabet at one time or another. See also early Cyrillic alphabet.

Distribution of the Cyrillic alphabet worldwide. The dark green shows the countries that use Cyrillic as the one main script; the lighter green those that use Cyrillic alongside another official script.

• Indo-Iranian languages
  • Indo-Aryan languages
    • Romani (in Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bulgaria and former USSR)
  • Iranian languages
    • Kurdish (living in former USSR)
    • Ossetic (since 18th century, modern alphabet since 1938)
    • Tajik
    • Tat (Judeo-Tat)

• Romance languages
  • Romanian (up to the 19th century, and a different form of Cyrillic in Moldova from 1940–89 exclusively; now Cyrillic is used in Transnistria officially and in the rest of the country in everyday communication by some groups of people; see Moldovan alphabet)
  • Ladino in occasional Bulgarian Sephardic publications.

• Slavic languages
  • Old Church Slavonic
  • Church Slavonic
  • Belarusian, now almost exclusively in Cyrillic, although there was a Roman version of the language during the Polish occupation. The Belarusian Roman script was called Łacinka
  • Bulgarian
  • Macedonian, some signs are also printed in the Latinic transliteration, however the population rarely uses the Latin Script.
  • Russian
  • Rusyn
  • Serbian - although Cyrillic is the official script of the Serbian language, most of the population, especially younger generations prefer to use the Latin script
  • Ukrainian

(This group is not assumed to comprise genetically related subgroups.)

• Northeast Caucasian languages:
  • Avar
  • Chechen (since 1938, also with Roman 1991–2000)
  • Dargwa
  • Lak
  • Lezgian
  • Tabassaran
• Northwest Caucasian languages:
  • Abaza
  • Abkhaz
  • Adyghe
  • Kabardian

• Chinese languages
  • Dungan (since 1953)

• Chukchi (since 1936)
• Koryak (since 1936)

• Buryat
• Kalmyk
• Mongolian

• Evenk (since 1936)
• Nanai
• Udihe (Udekhe) (writing recently is not used)

• Altay
• Azeri (1939–91, exclusively in Cyrillic, since 1991 officially in Roman, but in reality in everyday communication Cyrillic is used alongside with Roman script)
• Balkar
• Bashkir
• Chuvash
• Crimean Tatar (1938–91)
• Gagauz (1957-1990s, exclusively in Cyrillic, since 1990s officially in Roman, but in reality in everyday communication Cyrillic is used alongside with Roman script)
• Kazakh
• Karachay
• Karakalpak (1940s–1990s)
• Khakas
• Kumyk
• Kyrgyz
• Nogai
• Tatar (since 1939; also with Roman since 2000, although not officially in Russia)
• Turkmen (1940–94 exclusively in Cyrillic, since 1994 officially in Roman, but in reality in everyday communication Cyrillic is used alongside with Roman script)
• Tuvan
• Uzbek (1941–98 exclusively in Cyrillic, since 1998 Cyrillic is used alongside with Roman script, which was prescribed as the "future" alphabet of Uzbek)
• Yakut

• Samoyedic languages
  • Nenets (since 1937)
  • Selkup (since 1950s writing recently is not used)
• Finno-Ugric languages
  • Karelian (1940–1991)
  • Khanty
  • Mansi (since 1937 writing has not received distribution)
  • Komi
    • Komi-Zyrian (since 17th century, modern alphabet since 1930s)
    • Komi-Permyak
  • Mari (since 19th century)
  • Mordvin languages
    • Erzya (since 18th century)
    • Moksha (since 18th century)
  • Sami (in Russia, since 1980s)
    • Kildin Sami
  • Udmurt

• Aleut (in 19th century)
• Central Siberian Yupik (Yuit)

• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (Aisor)

• Russian sign language (uses the Cyrillic alphabet via the Russian Manual Alphabet)
• Constructed languages
  • International auxiliary languages
    • Lingua Franca Nova
    • Slovio
    • Козеине
    • Дайанувукф
  • Fictional languages
    • Brutopian (Donald Duck stories)
    • Syldavian (The Adventures of Tintin)