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Kouprey
Conservation status
Critically endangered (IUCN)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Bovidae Subfamily: Bovinae Genus: Bos Species: B. sauveli
Binomial name
Bos sauveli Urbain, 1937

Kouprey (Bos sauveli also known as Kouproh or Grey ox) is a wild forest-dwelling ox found mainly in northern Cambodia but also believed to exist in southern Laos, western Vietnam, and eastern Thailand. It was discovered in 1937.

Kouprey is a very large ungulate, about the same size as a wild Water Buffalo. Male Kouprey stand up to two metres tall at the shoulder and weigh an average of 900 kilograms. However, the kouprey herds recently discovered in Vietnam have individuals attaining weights of about 1700 kg or so, according to Vietnamese zoologists^{[citation needed]}. Kouprey have tall but narrow bodies, long legs and humped backs. Kouprey can be either grey, dark brown or black. The horns of the female are lyre-shaped with antelope-like upward spirals. The horns of the male are wide and arch forward and upward, and they begin to fray at the tips at about three years of age. Both sexes have notched nostrils and long tails.

Kouprey live in low, partially forested hills where they eat mainly grasses. Kouprey are diurnal, eating in the open at night and under the forest cover during the day. They live in herds of up to twenty, generally consisting of only cows and calves, but also bulls during the dry season.

There are estimated to be less than 250 kouprey left in the world. These low numbers are attributed to uncontrolled hunting by locals and soldiers, in conjunction with diseases introduced from cattle and loss of habitat. However the kouprey is suspected to have always been somewhat rare.

Recent research published by Northwestern University in London's Journal of Zoology indicates that a comparison of mitochondrial sequences shows the Kouprey may be a hybrid between a Zebu and a Banteng.^[1] However, the authors of this study have rescinded their conclusion, ^[2] and because a fossilize skull was found dating from the late Pleistocene or early Holocene epoch, instead they concluded that it is not a hybrid. More recent genetic analysis has demonstrated that the kouprey is not a hybrid.^[3]

• Alexandre Hassanin, and Anne Ropiquet, 2007. Resolving a zoological mystery: the kouprey is a real species, Proc. R. Soc. B, doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0830
• G. J. Galbreath, J. C. Mordacq, F. H. Weiler, 2006. Genetically solving a zoological mystery: was the kouprey (Bos sauveli) a feral hybrid? Journal of Zoology 270 (4): 561–564.
• Hassanin, A., and Ropiquet, A. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Bovini (Bovidae, Bovinae) and the taxonomic status of the kouprey, Bos sauveli Urbain 1937. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 33(3):896-907.
• Hedges (2000). Bos sauveli. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 11 May 2006. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is critically endangered and the criteria used
• Steve Hendrix: Quest for the Kouprey, International Wildlife Magazine, 25 (5) 1995, p. 20-23.
• J.R. McKinnon/S.N. Stuart: The Kouprey - An action plan for its conservation. Gland, Switzerland 1989.
• Steve Hendrix: The ultimate nowhere. Trekking through the Cambodian outback in search of the Kouprey, Chicago Tribune - 19 December 1999.

• [1]Animal info page on kouprey
• [2]CSEW factsheet on kouprey
• The Cryptid Zoo: Kouprey
• Copy of New York Times item about possible hybrid origin.