Sources
Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
Submit a site - Become an editor
Wikipedia. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Are you an expert in this subject? Join the discussion and share your knowledge at Wikipedia.org.
Kontsevich system
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Kontsevich system (Russian: Система Концевича/Sistema Kontsevicha) for the Cyrillization of the Korean language was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevitch (Russian: Лев Концевич) on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich (Russian: Александр Холодович). It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
Contents |
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling. For example, the tensification of "ㅈ" in 한자 (漢字) is not represented in romanizations, where the word is typically spelled as "hanja"; however, it is represented in the Kontsevich transcription, which spells the word with a double "ч" as Ханчча (Khanchcha).
| Hangul | Cyrillic | Transcribed Cyrillic |
RR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㄱ | К- / -г- / -к | K / -g- / -k | g / k |
| ㄴ | Н | N | n |
| ㄷ | Т- / -д- / -т | T / -d- / -t | d / t |
| ㄹ | -Р- / -ЛЬ | R / -l' | r / l |
| ㅁ | М | M | m |
| ㅂ | П- / -б- / -п | P / -b- / p | b / p |
| ㅅ | С / -т | S / -t | s |
| ㅇ | -Н (-нъ) | -n (-n') | ng |
| ㅈ | Ч / -дж- / -т | Ch / -dzh - t | j |
| ㅊ | ЧХ / -т | Chhh / -t | ch |
| ㅋ | КХ / -к | Khh / -k | k |
| ㅌ | ТХ / -т | Thh / -t | t |
| ㅍ | ПХ / -п | Phh / -p | p |
| ㅎ | Х | Kh/Hh | h |
| ㄲ | КК | Kk | kk |
| ㄸ | ТТ | Tt | tt |
| ㅃ | ПП | Pp | pp |
| ㅆ | СС / -т | SS / -t | ss |
| ㅉ | ЧЧ | Cch | jj |
Comments:
- The jamo ㅇ has no transcription in the initial position
- Transcriptions in initial position are indicated in capital letters
- Transcriptions in medial position (between vowels or after the "sonorous" consonants М, Н, НЪ, ЛЬ, and Р) are indicated between two hyphens.
- Transcriptions in final position are indicated following a single hyphen.
| Hangul | Cyrillic | Transcribed Cyrillic |
RR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㅏ | А | A | a |
| ㅑ | Я | Ya | ya |
| ㅓ | О | O | eo |
| ㅕ | Ё | Yo | yeo |
| ㅗ | О | O | o |
| ㅛ | Ё | Yo | yo |
| ㅜ | У | U | u |
| ㅠ | Ю | Yu | yu |
| ㅡ | Ы | Y | eu |
| ㅣ | И | I | i |
| ㅐ | Э | è | ae |
| ㅒ | ЙЯ | Jya | yae |
| ㅔ | Е / е | E / e | e |
| ㅖ | ЙЕ / -е- | je / -e- | ye |
| ㅚ | ВЕ | Ve | oe |
| ㅟ | ВИ | Vi | wi |
| ㅢ | ЫЙ / -и- | Yj / -i- | ui |
| ㅘ | ВА | Va | wa |
| ㅝ | ВО | Vo | wo |
| ㅙ | ВЭ | Vè | wae |
| ㅞ | ВЕ | ve | we |
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.
| End of first syllable | Н | НЪ | М | ЛЬ | К | П |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning of second syllable | ||||||
| К (K) | НГ (NG) | НГ (NG) | МГ (MG) | ЛЬГ (L'G) | КК (KK) | ПК (PK) |
| Н (N) | НГ (NG) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| Т (T) | НД (ND) | НД (ND) | МД (MD) | ЛЬТТ (L'Tt) | КТ (KT) | ПТ (PT) |
| ЛЬ (L') | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| М (M) | НМ (NM) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) | ЛЬМ (L'M) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) |
| П (P) | НБ (NB) | НБ (NB) | МБ | ЛЬБ (L'B) | КП (KP) | ПП (PP) |
| С (S) | НС (NS) | НС (NS) | МС (MS) | ЛЬСС (L'Ss) | КС (KS) | ПС (PS) |
| Ч (Ch) | НДЖ (NDZh) | НДЖ (NDZh) | МДЖ (MDZh) | ЛЬЧЧ (L'Cch) | КЧ (KCh) | ПЧ (PCh) |
| ЧХ (Chhh) | НЧХ (NChhh) | НЧХ (NChhh) | МЧХ (MChhh) | ЛЬЧХ (L'Chhh) | КЧХ (KChhh) | ПЧХ (PChhh) |
| ПХ (Phh) | НПХ (NPhh) | НПХ (NPhh) | МПХ (MPhh) | ЛЬПХ (L'Phh) | КПХ (KPhh) | ППХ (PPhh) |
| ТХ (Thh) | НТХ (NThh) | НТХ (NThh) | МТХ (MThh) | ЛЬТХ (L'Thh) | КТХ (KThh) | ПТХ (PThh) |
| Х (Kh) | НХ (NKh) | НХ (NKh) | МХ (MKh) | РХ (PKh) | КХ (KKh) | ПХ (PKh) |
| English | Hangul (Hanja) | RR (RR transliteration in brackets) |
Kontsevich (Latin transliteration in brackets) |
|---|---|---|---|
| “wall” | 벽(壁) | byeok (byeog) |
пёк (pyok) |
| “on the wall” | 벽에 | byeoge (byeog-e) |
|
| “outside” (uninflected) |
밖 | bak (bakk) |
пакк (pakk) |
| “outside” | 밖에 | bakke (bakk-e) |
|
| “kitchen” | 부엌 | bueok (bueok) |
пу-ок (pu-ok) |
| “to the kitchen” | 부엌에 | bueoke (bueok-e) |
|
| “Wikipedia” | 위키백과(百科) | wikibaekgwa (wikibaeggwa) |
|
| “Hangul” | 한글 | hangeul or han-geul (hangeul) |
Хангыль (Khang'il') |
| “Hanja” | 한자 (漢字) | hancha or han-cha (hanja) |
Ханчча (Khanccha) |
| “character, letter” | 글자( - 字) | geulja (geulja) |
кыльчча (k'il'ccha) |
| “(an) easy” (+ noun) | 쉬운 … | swiun … (swiun …) |
свиун … (sviun) |
| “Four seasons are distinct.” | 사계절(四季節)이 뚜렷하다. | Sagyejeori tturyeothada. (Sagyejeol-i ttulyeoshada.) |
|
| “Just check the line colour and width you want.” | 원(願)하시는 선(線) 색(色)깔과 굵기에 체크하시면 됩니다. | Weonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gulkgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida. (Weonhasineun seon saegkkalgwa gulggie chekeuhasimyeon doebnida.) |
- Russian and Latin Transcription of Korean Words, by Lev Kontsevich.
- Entry for Lev Kontsevich on the Institute of Oriental Studies (in Russian)