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Kingdom of Germany
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Kingdom |
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| Capital | none | |||
| Language(s) | Latin, German, many others | |||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | |||
| Government | Monarchy | |||
| King | ||||
| - 919 - 936 | Henry I | |||
| - 936 - 962# | Otto I | |||
| History | ||||
| - Henry I crowned "King of the Germans" | 23 April 919 | |||
| - Otto I crowned "Holy Roman Emperor" | 2 February 962 | |||
| # Otto I died 973 | ||||
The Kingdom of Germany was a medieval state[1] which grew out of that of East Francia in the tenth century, when the term regnum Teutonicum first came into informal use. The character of the eastern partition of the Treaty of Verdun of 843 was never very Frankish. By the High Middle Ages, the German character of the united stem duchies was generally recognised. As the other various states of the Carolingian then Holy Roman Empire removed themselves from its orbit, leaving solely Germany, her kings holding the imperial title and struggling for it,[2] the German state became synonymous with the Empire and in the time of the Renaissance, the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" united the two concepts of empire and kingdom.
The term rex Teutonicorum, or "king of the Germans", first came into use during the Investiture Controversy as a polemical tool against the Emperor Henry IV by Pope Gregory VII in the late eleventh century.[3] In the twelfth century, in order to stress the imperial and transnational character of their office, the emperors began to employ the title rex Romanorum or "king of the Romans" on their election (by German bishops and noblemen). The royal titles of Germany, Italy, and Burgundy, which traditionally had their own courts, laws, and chanceries, remained with the Holy Roman Emperors until the end (1806).
- Gillingham, J. The Kingdom of Germany in the High Middle Ages (900–1200). London, 1971.
- Robinson, I. S. "Pope Gregory VII, the Princes and the Pactum 1077–1080." The English Historical Review, Vol. 94, No. 373. (Oct., 1979), pp 721-756.
- Fuhrmann, Horst. "Quis Teutonicos constituit iudices nationum? The Trouble with Henry." Speculum, Vol. 69, No. 2. (Apr., 1994), pp 344-358.
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