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Killer application
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app), in the jargon of computer programmers and video gamers, has been used to refer to any computer program that is so necessary or desirable that it provides the core value of some larger technology, such as a gaming console, software, operating system, or piece of computer hardware. In this sense, a killer app substantially increases sales of the hardware that supports it.
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One of the first examples of a killer application is generally agreed to be the VisiCalc spreadsheet on the Apple II platform.[1] The machine was purchased in the thousands by finance workers (in particular, bond traders) on the strength of this one program.[2] The next example is another spreadsheet, Lotus 1-2-3. Sales of IBM's PC had been slow until 1-2-3 was made public; the IBM became the best-selling computer only a few months after Lotus 1-2-3's initial release.
A killer app can provide an important niche market for a non-mainstream platform. Aldus PageMaker and Adobe PostScript gave the graphic design and desktop publishing niche to the Apple Macintosh in the late 1980s[citation needed], a niche it retains to this day despite the fact that PCs running Windows or Linux have been capable of running versions of some of the same applications since the early 1990s.
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This article may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (September 2007) |
There have been a number of new uses of the term. For instance the usefulness of e-mail drew many people to use computer networks. The Mosaic web browser (full-screen) is generally credited with the popularization of the World Wide Web and hence the Internet, following the days that Internet access was a line-oriented, scrolling dialog.
The term has also been applied to computer and video games that cause consumers to buy a particular video game console or gaming hardware. One of the first (if not the first) killer application in video games was without a doubt Star Raiders, released in 1979 on cartridge for the Atari 8-bit computer. Customers purchased Atari computers just so they could play that game. The same happened a year later when Atari released Space Invaders on the successful Atari 2600. The VCS became a sell-out over Christmas. The Game Boy saw Tetris, and following Game Boy iterations saw the highly successful Pokémon series. Nintendo 64 saw much success with the releases of Super Mario 64 and The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. Software developers of new platforms now tend to focus considerable effort and funds into discovering or creating the next "killer app" for a given technology.
- Internet: email
- Altair: Micro-Soft Basic
- Apple II: VisiCalc
- Amiga: Video Toaster
- Atari ST: C-Lab Creator/Logic Pro and Cubase
- IBM PC: WordPerfect, Lotus 1-2-3, Novell Netware
- Macintosh: Adobe PageMaker
- NeXT: Lotus Improv
- Windows 3.1: Microsoft Office
- Intel 80486: Doom
- OS/2: Galactic Civilizations
- ^ D.J. Power, A Brief History of Spreadsheets, DSSResources.COM, v3.6, 8 August 2004
- ^ "Killer Applications" (overview), Partha Dasgupta, Arizona State University in Tempe, AZ, May 2002, webpage: ASU-killer-app.
- Larry Downes and Chunka Mui, http://www.killer-apps.com Unleashing The Killer