Kabardino-Balkaria

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Kabardino-Balkar Republic (English) Кабардино-Балкарская Республика (Russian) Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ (Kabardian) Къабарты-Малкъар Республика (Balkar)
Location of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic in Russia
Coat of Arms	Flag
Coat of arms of Kabardino-Balkaria	Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria
Anthem: National Anthem of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Capital	Nalchik
Established	January 5, 1936
Political status Federal district Economic region	Republic Southern North Caucasus
Code	07
Area
Area - Rank	12,500 km² 80th
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank - Density - Urban - Rural	901,494 inhabitants 60th 72.1 inhab. / km² 56.6% 43.4%
Official languages	Russian, Kabardian, Balkar
Government
President	Arsen Kanokov
Chairman of the Government	Andrey Yarin
Legislative body	Parliament
Constitution	Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
Official website

The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ; Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рия), is a federal subject of Russia located in the North Caucasus. The direct romanization of the republic's name in the Russian language is Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika, or Kabardino-Balkariya.

1 Geography
2 Administrative divisions
3 Demographics
4 History
5 Politics
6 Economy
7 See also
8 External links

The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part.

Area: 12,500 km²
Borders:
- internal: Stavropol Krai (N/NE), Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (E/SE/S), Karachay-Cherkess Republic (W/NW)
- international: Georgia (S/SW)
Highest point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 m)
Maximum N->S distance: 167 km
Maximum E->W distance: 123 km

Kabardino-Balkaria is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

Major rivers include:

Detailed map of Kabardino-Balkaria.

There are around one hundred lakes in the Republic, none of which are large. Just over half (fifty-five) are located between the Baksan and Malka Rivers, the largest each of an area of no more than 0.01 km². Some of the lakes are:

Tserikkel Lake (area 26,000 m²; depth 368 m)
Lower Goluboye Lake
Kel-Ketchen Lake (depth 177 m)
Upper Goluboye Lake (depth 18 m)
Sekretnoye Lake
Tambukanskoy Lake (area 1.77 km²; depth 1.5 to 2 m), partially within Stavropol Krai.

Mount Elbrus, the highest peak of the North Caucasus and Europe, is located in the republic. Other major mountains include:

Mount Dykhtau (5,402 m)
Mount Koshkhatau (5,151 m)
Mount Shkhara (5,068 m)
Pushkin Peak (5,033 m)
Mount Mizhergi (5,025 m)

Kabardino-Balkaria's natural resources include molybdenum, tungsten ores, and coal.

The republic has a continental type climate.

Average January temperature: -4°C (plains) to -12°C (mountains).
Average July temperature: +23°C (plains) to +4°C (mountains)
Average annual precipitation: 500-2,000 mm.

Main article: Administrative divisions of Kabardino-Balkaria

Population: 901,494 (2002)
- Urban: 510,346 (56.6%)
- Rural: 391,148 (43.4%)
- Male: 422,720 (46.9%)
- Female: 478,774 (53.1%)
Females per 1000 males: 1,133
Average age: 30.9 years
- Urban: 32.4 years
- Rural: 29.0 years
- Male: 29.1 years
- Female: 32.8 years
Number of households: 227,922 (with 891,783 people)
- Urban: 144,872 (with 504,085 people)
- Rural: 83,050 (with 387,698 people)
Vital statistics (2005)
- Births: 8,991 (birth rate 10.0)
- Deaths: 9,034 (death rate 10.1)
Ethnic groups

Kabardino-Balkaria consists of two ethnic territories, one predominantly of Kabardin (speakers of a North-West Caucasian language) and the other predominantly Balkars (speakers of a Turkic language). According to the 2002 Census, Kabardin make up 55.3% of the republic's population, followed by Russians (25.1%) and Balkars (11.6%). Other groups include Ossetians (9,845, or 1.1%), Turks (8,770, or 1.0%), Ukrainians (7,592, or 0.8%), Armenians (5,342, or 0.6%), Koreans (4,722, or 0.5%), Chechens (4,241, or 0.5%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.

	census 1926	census 1939	census 1959	census 1970	census 1979	census 1989	census 2002
Kabardins	122,402 (60.0%)	152,237 (42.4%)	190,284 (45.3%)	264,675 (45.0%)	303,604 (45.5%)	364,494 (48.2%)	498,702 (55.3%)
Balkars	33,197 (16.3%)	40,747 (11.3%)	34,088 (8.1%)	51,356 (8.7%)	59,710 (9.0%)	70,793 (9.4%)	104,951 (11.6%)
Russians	15,344 (7.5%)	129,067 (35.9%)	162,586 (38.7%)	218,595 (37.2%)	234,137 (35.1%)	240,750 (31.9%)	226,620 (25.1%)
Ossetians	4,078 (2.0%)	4,608 (1.3%)	6,442 (1.5%)	9,167 (1.6%)	9,710 (1.5%)	9,996 (1.3%)	9,845 (1.1%)
Ukrainians	17,213 (8.4%)	11,142 (3.1%)	8,400 (2.0%)	10,620 (1.8%)	12,139 (1.8%)	12,826 (1.7%)	7,592 (0.8%)
Others	11,772 (5.8%)	21,328 (5.9%)	18,315 (4.4%)	33,790 (5.7%)	47,246 (7.1%)	55,672 (7.4%)	53,784 (6.0%)

Main article: History of Kabardino-Balkaria

The head of government in Kabardino-Balkaria is the President. The current President is Arsen Kanokov, who has held the position since September 2005.

The parliament of the Repubilc is the Legislative Assembly comprising two chambers with 36 deputies elected for a five year term each—the Council of the Republic and the Council of Representatives.

The Constitution of Kabardino-Balkaria was adopted on September 1, 1997.

The economy of Kabardino-Balkaria is primarily agricultural, with lumber production and mining. Most of the industry centers on agricultural processing. The fall of the Soviet Union and the outbreak of the various conflicts in the Caucasus have hit the republic hard, causing a collapse in tourism in the region and producing an unemployment level estimated to be as high as 90%. Poverty is reported to be an endemic problem in the republic.

Caucasian Avars

(Russian) Official website of the President of the Republic
(Russian) Kabardino-Balkaria Online
(English) Information and many links for pages about Kabardino-Balkaria
(English) Kabardino-Balkaria information and photo gallery
(English) Images of Kabardino-Balkaria
(English) [1]

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Federal districts Central · Far Eastern · Northwestern · Siberian · Southern · Urals · Volga ¹ On March 1, 2008, Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug are due to merge to form Zabaykalsky Krai. ² On January 1, 2008, Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug is due to merge into Irkutsk Oblast.