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John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| English Royalty |
|---|
| House of Lancaster |
 Armorial of Plantagenet |
| Henry IV |
| Henry V |
| John, Duke of Bedford |
| Thomas, Duke of Clarence |
| Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester |
John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 – 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI.
He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. On 14 June 1423, at Troyes, he married Anne, daughter of John the Fearless. After Anne's death in childbirth in 1432, he married Jacquetta of Luxembourg.
When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. Bedford was declared Regent of France, his nephew technically being heir to the throne of that country as well as to England. Bedford defeated the French several times, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. While negotiating the Treaty of Rouen, he died at his home and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422-1432,[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices.
He was an extremely important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the Bedford Master and his workshop) and England. The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. 17294), which were both made in Paris, and the Bedford Psalter and Hours of about 1420-23, which is English (BL Ms Add 42131). This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. All are lavishly decorated and famous examples of the style of the period.
| John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford |
Father: Henry IV of England |
Paternal grandfather: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster |
Paternal great-grandfather: Edward III of England |
| Paternal great-grandmother: Philippa of Hainault |
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| Paternal grandmother: Blanche of Lancaster |
Paternal great-grandfather: Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster |
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| Paternal great-grandmother: Isabel de Beaumont |
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| Mother: Mary de Bohun |
Maternal grandfather: Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford |
Maternal great-grandfather: William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton |
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| Maternal great-grandmother: Elizabeth Badlesmere |
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| Maternal grandmother: Joan FitzAlan |
Maternal great-grandfather: Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel |
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| Maternal great-grandmother: Eleanor of Lancaster |
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John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford
Born: 1389 1435 |
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| English royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence |
Heir to the English Throne as heir presumptive 22 March - 6 December 1421 |
Succeeded by Henry, Duke of Cornwall |
| Preceded by Henry, Duke of Cornwall |
Heir to the English Throne as heir presumptive 31 August 1422 - 14 September 1435 |
Succeeded by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by The Duke of Exeter |
Lord High Admiral 1426–1435 |
Succeeded by Sir John Holland |
| Peerage of England | ||
| Preceded by New Creation |
Duke of Bedford 1414–1435 |
Succeeded by Extinct, next held by George Nevill |
| Preceded by Ralph de Neville |
Earl of Richmond 1414–1435 |
Succeeded by Edmund of Hadham |
| Preceded by New Creation |
Count of Mortain ?–1435 |
Succeeded by Extinct, next held by Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset |