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John McCarthy (computer scientist)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| John McCarthy | |
|---|---|
 John McCarthy at a summit in 2006 |
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| Born | September 4, 1927 Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| Residence | USA |
| Nationality | American |
| Field | Computer Technology |
| Institutions | Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Stanford University |
| Alma mater | California Institute of Technology |
| Known for | Artificial Intelligence; Circumscription; Situation calculus; Lisp |
| Notable prizes | Turing Award, 1971; Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science, 2003 |
John McCarthy (born September 4, 1927, in Boston, Massachusetts), is an American computer scientist who received the Turing Award in 1971 for his major contributions to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). He was responsible for the coining of the term "Artificial Intelligence" in his 1955 proposal for the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and is the inventor of the Lisp programming language.
McCarthy championed mathematical logic for Artificial Intelligence. In 1958, he proposed the advice taker, which inspired later work on question-answering and logic programming. Based on the Lambda Calculus, Lisp rapidly became the programming language of choice for AI applications after its publication in 1960 [1]. He helped to motivate the creation of Project MAC at MIT, but left MIT for Stanford University in 1962, where he helped set up the Stanford AI Laboratory, for many years a friendly rival to Project MAC.
In 1961, he was the first to publicly suggest (in a speech given to celebrate MIT's centennial) that computer time-sharing technology might lead to a future in which computing power and even specific applications could be sold through the utility business model (like water or electricity). This idea of a computer or information utility was very popular in the late 1960s, but faded by the mid-1970s as it became clear that the hardware, software and telecommunications technologies of the time were simply not ready. However, since 2000, the idea has resurfaced in new forms. See application service provider.
McCarthy received his B.S. in Mathematics from the California Institute of Technology in 1948 and his Ph.D. in Mathematics from Princeton University in 1951 under Solomon Lefschetz. After short-term appointments at Princeton, Stanford, Dartmouth, and MIT, he became a full professor at Stanford in 1962, where he remained until his retirement at the end of 2000. He is now a Professor Emeritus. McCarthy is listed by the Open Directory Project as one of the all time top six people in the field of artificial intelligence.[2]
John McCarthy often comments on world affairs on the Usenet forums. Some of his ideas can be found in his sustainability web page, which is "aimed at showing that human material progress is desirable and sustainable".
| Preceded by Lucy Suchman |
Benjamin Franklin Medal in Computer and Cognitive Science 2003 |
Succeeded by Richard M. Karp |
Contents |
- Scientific Temperaments: Three Lives in Contemporary Science by Philip J. Hilts, Simon and Schuster, 1982. Lengthy profiles of John McCarthy, physicist Robert R. Wilson and geneticist Mark Ptashne.
- Machines Who Think: a personal inquiry into the history and prospects of artificial intelligence by Pamela McCorduck, 1979, second edition 2004.
- The Omni Interviews edited by Pamela Weintraub, New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1984. Collected interviews originally published in Omni magazine; contains an interview with McCarthy.
- ^ McCarthy, John. "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine". CACM 3 (4): 184-195.
- ^ http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Artificial_Intelligence/People/
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Perlis (1966) • Wilkes (1967) • Hamming (1968) • Minsky (1969) • Wilkinson (1970) • McCarthy (1971) • Dijkstra (1972) • Bachman (1973) • Knuth (1974) • Newell / Simon (1975) • Rabin / Scott (1976) • Backus (1977) • Floyd (1978) • Iverson (1979) • Hoare (1980) • Codd (1981) • Cook (1982) • Thompson / Ritchie (1983) • Wirth (1984) • Karp (1985) • Hopcroft / Tarjan (1986) • Cocke (1987) • Sutherland (1988) • Kahan (1989) • Corbató (1990) • Milner (1991) • Lampson (1992) • Hartmanis / Stearns (1993) • Feigenbaum / Reddy (1994) • Blum (1995) • Pnueli (1996) • Engelbart (1997) • Gray (1998) • Brooks (1999) • Yao (2000) • Dahl / Nygaard (2001) • Rivest / Shamir / Adleman (2002) • Kay (2003) • Cerf / Kahn (2004) • Naur (2005) • Allen (2006) |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | McCarthy, John |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | American computer scientist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1927-9-4 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
Categories: 1927 births | Living people | Artificial intelligence researchers | Jewish American scientists | Lisp programming language | Programming language designers | Usenet people | American computer scientists | Computer pioneers | Turing Award laureates | People from Boston, Massachusetts | Irish-Americans | National Medal of Science laureates | Members and associates of the United States National Academy of Sciences | Formal methods people | Stanford University faculty | California Institute of Technology alumni | Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery | History of artificial intelligence