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John Charles Polanyi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Charles Polanyi,, PC, CC, FRSC, FRS, PhD, DSc, (born January 23, 1929) is a Hungarian-Canadian chemist.
He was born in Berlin, son of distinguished Hungarian chemist Michael Polanyi and Magda Elizabeth Polanyi, and nephew of influential economist Karl Polanyi. The family moved to England in 1933 where Polanyi studied at Manchester Grammar School and the University of Manchester – his father's workplace – achieving his doctorate in 1952. Emigrating to Canada in 1952, he worked for the National Research Council of Canada before moving to the University of Toronto in 1956, where he has been University Professor since 1974 and was a founding Senior Fellow of Massey College.
He is a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, having been sworn in on July 1, 1992. In 1974 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Companion in 1979. Polanyi is also a 'Pugwashite'.
Through development of the technique of infrared chemiluminescence he developed the understanding of chemical kinetics.
He also won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Yuan T. Lee and Dudley R. Herschbach "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes."
In 1986, in honor of the award of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, the government of Ontario created the "John Charles Polanyi Prizes", which are awarded annually to Ontario based researchers of outstanding merit. The prizes are given in the same subjects as the Nobel prizes that inspired them and are each worth $20,000: [1]
In 2004 John Charles Polanyi married the portrait artist Brenda Bury [2].
In 2005, Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council created the John C. Polanyi Award, acknowledging excellence in Canadian science or engineering. [3]
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Carl Djerassi (1978) • Herman Mark (1979) • Henry Eyring (1980) • Joseph Chatt (1981) • John Charles Polanyi / George C. Pimentel (1982) • Herbert S. Gutowsky / Harden M. McConnell / John S. Waugh (1983) • Rudolph A. Marcus (1984) • Elias James Corey / Albert Eschenmoser (1986) • David C. Phillips / David Blow (1987) • Joshua Jortner / Raphael David Levine (1988) • Duilio Arigoni / Alan R. Battersby (1989) • Richard R. Ernst / Alexander Pines (1991) • John Pople (1992) • Ahmed Zewail (1993) • Richard Lerner / Peter Schultz (1994) • Gilbert Stork / Samuel J. Danishefsky (1995) • Gerhard Ertl / Gabor A. Somorjai (1998) • Raymond Lemieux (1999) • F. Albert Cotton (2000) • Henri B. Kagan / Ryoji Noyori / K. Barry Sharpless (2001) • Harry B. Gray (2004) • Richard Zare (2005) • Ada Yonath / George Feher (2006) |
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Agriculture | Arts | Chemistry | Mathematics | Medicine | Physics |
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William Lipscomb (1976) • Ilya Prigogine (1977) • Peter D. Mitchell (1978) • Herbert C. Brown / Georg Wittig (1979) • Paul Berg / Walter Gilbert / Frederick Sanger (1980) • Kenichi Fukui / Roald Hoffmann (1981) • Aaron Klug (1982) • Henry Taube (1983) • Robert Merrifield (1984) • Herbert A. Hauptman / Jerome Karle (1985) • Dudley R. Herschbach / Yuan T. Lee / John Polanyi (1986) • Donald J. Cram / Jean-Marie Lehn / Charles J. Pedersen (1987) • Johann Deisenhofer / Robert Huber / Hartmut Michel (1988) • Sidney Altman / Thomas Cech (1989) • Elias Corey (1990) • Richard R. Ernst (1991) • Rudolph A. Marcus (1992) • Kary Mullis / Michael Smith (1993) • George Olah (1994) • Paul J. Crutzen / Mario J. Molina / Frank Rowland (1995) • Robert Curl / Harold Kroto / Richard Smalley (1996) • Paul D. Boyer / John E. Walker / Jens Christian Skou (1997) • Walter Kohn / John Pople (1998) • Ahmed Zewail (1999) • Alan J. Heeger / Alan MacDiarmid / Hideki Shirakawa (2000) |
Categories: 1929 births | Alumni of the University of Manchester | Canadian chemists | Canadian Nobel laureates | Companions of the Order of Canada | Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada | Fellows of the Royal Society | German immigrants to Canada | German Jews | Hungarian Canadians | Hungarian Jews | Hungarian Nobel laureates | Hungarian people | Jewish scientists | Living people | Members and associates of the United States National Academy of Sciences | Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences | Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada | Nobel laureates in Chemistry | Old Mancunians | People from Berlin | University of Toronto faculty | Wolf Prize in Chemistry laureates